{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886503061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409543","title":"Analog-to-digital conversion beyond 20 bits","display_name":"Analog-to-digital conversion beyond 20 bits","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886503061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409543","mag":"2886503061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2646282/files/ieee_i2mtc_beev_7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073761027","display_name":"Nikolai Beev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-5248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikolai Beev","raw_affiliation_strings":["TE Department, EPC Group, HPM Section, CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TE Department, EPC Group, HPM Section, CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073761027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2179,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51804489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7250480651855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6768954992294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.5683903098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5676206350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.531994640827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-electronics","display_name":"Analogue electronics","score":0.5122217535972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5009291172027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4585734009742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.4426805078983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4256138801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3830091953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.38126838207244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35422688722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.322864294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.195805162191391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16609802842140198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7250480651855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6768954992294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.5683903098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5676206350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.531994640827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29074008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174925","display_name":"Analogue electronics","level":3,"score":0.5122217535972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5009291172027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4585734009742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.4426805078983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4256138801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3830091953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.38126838207244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35422688722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.322864294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.195805162191391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16609802842140198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2018.8409543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:inspirehep.net:1689275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2646282","pdf_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2646282/files/ieee_i2mtc_beev_7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:inspirehep.net:1689275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2646282","pdf_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2646282/files/ieee_i2mtc_beev_7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886503061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886503061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1616341869","https://openalex.org/W1965899145","https://openalex.org/W1981922145","https://openalex.org/W2041879555","https://openalex.org/W2049145003","https://openalex.org/W2082347350","https://openalex.org/W2083490785","https://openalex.org/W2099733006","https://openalex.org/W2100925055","https://openalex.org/W2104074527","https://openalex.org/W2114853176","https://openalex.org/W2123002298","https://openalex.org/W2124329264","https://openalex.org/W2125010820","https://openalex.org/W2125270192","https://openalex.org/W2134179788","https://openalex.org/W2167876229","https://openalex.org/W2336539473","https://openalex.org/W2398615776","https://openalex.org/W2552578233","https://openalex.org/W2736160334","https://openalex.org/W4255632623","https://openalex.org/W4377027449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214777083","https://openalex.org/W1608165003","https://openalex.org/W2074272557","https://openalex.org/W2513086030","https://openalex.org/W1990927148","https://openalex.org/W969526214","https://openalex.org/W2146385727","https://openalex.org/W2537272291","https://openalex.org/W2557301296","https://openalex.org/W169646577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analog-to-digital":[0],"converters":[1],"with":[2],"resolution":[3],"exceeding":[4],"20":[5],"bits":[6],"are":[7,77],"widely":[8],"available":[9,63],"today.":[10],"They":[11],"exist":[12],"in":[13,56,85],"two":[14],"forms":[15],"-":[16],"flexible":[17],"laboratory":[18],"instruments":[19],"and":[20,40,73],"monolithic":[21],"integrated":[22,70],"circuits.":[23],"We":[24,43],"present":[25],"an":[26],"overview":[27],"of":[28,47,80,92],"application":[29],"fields":[30],"for":[31,109],"such":[32],"digitizers,":[33],"the":[34,45,48,52,78,81,90,106],"hardware":[35],"architectures":[36],"that":[37],"implement":[38],"them,":[39],"their":[41],"limitations.":[42],"review":[44],"state":[46],"art":[49],"by":[50],"comparing":[51],"best-performing":[53],"devices":[54],"reported":[55],"scientific":[57],"literature,":[58],"as":[59,61,87,89],"well":[60,88],"those":[62],"commercially.":[64],"Our":[65],"focus":[66],"is":[67],"particularly":[68],"on":[69,96,105],"circuit":[71],"solutions,":[72],"among":[74],"our":[75],"aims":[76],"disambiguation":[79],"multiple":[82],"performance":[83,98],"metrics":[84],"use,":[86],"presentation":[91],"a":[93,103],"clear":[94],"perspective":[95],"basic":[97],"trade-offs.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"we":[101],"provide":[102],"discussion":[104],"future":[107],"prospects":[108],"high-resolution":[110],"digitizing":[111],"measurement":[112],"systems.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}