{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2735442709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969916","title":"Self-cleaning of Si photovoltaic modules by a nanostructured TiO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; spray-coating","display_name":"Self-cleaning of Si photovoltaic modules by a nanostructured TiO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; spray-coating","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2735442709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969916","mag":"2735442709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086840768","display_name":"Lorenzo Ciani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-6656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Ciani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085093568","display_name":"Angiolo Far\u00edna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Farina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107410257","display_name":"Marcantonio Catelani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9537-9724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Catelani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004595534","display_name":"L. Pacini","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Pacini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Italvernici, Via Puntale90- Ponsacco (Pi), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Italvernici, Via Puntale90- Ponsacco (Pi), Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010833315","display_name":"Andrea Baldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-9378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Baldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042094961","display_name":"S. Calastrini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Calastrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049931281","display_name":"Ennio Carnevale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-4078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. A. Carnevale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067140988","display_name":"M. Bruzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-8365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Bruzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085134977","display_name":"Lorenzo Signorini","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Signorini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analytical srl \u2013 Lab. CETACE Scandicci (FI), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analytical srl \u2013 Lab. CETACE Scandicci (FI), Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086840768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52699874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12838","display_name":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.652650773525238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deposition","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","score":0.6468130350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating","display_name":"Coating","score":0.6317515969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5893422365188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5206314921379089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5122451186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaics","display_name":"Photovoltaics","score":0.4632403254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallite","display_name":"Crystallite","score":0.44649118185043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmittance","display_name":"Transmittance","score":0.4393695890903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.40384167432785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3892132043838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.38072097301483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3346641957759857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.33018597960472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2723119258880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20363867282867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1851567029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.17401090264320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08287999033927917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.652650773525238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.6468130350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6317515969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5893422365188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5206314921379089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5122451186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542589376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192127","display_name":"Photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.4632403254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.44649118185043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150493377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427863","display_name":"Transmittance","level":2,"score":0.4393695890903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40384167432785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3892132043838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.38072097301483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3346641957759857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.33018597960472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2723119258880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20363867282867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1851567029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.17401090264320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08287999033927917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2816523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184","display_name":"Sediment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969916","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1104448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1104448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322648","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974082128","https://openalex.org/W2043991399","https://openalex.org/W2046097672","https://openalex.org/W2072398455","https://openalex.org/W2107069803","https://openalex.org/W2109075283","https://openalex.org/W2119704910","https://openalex.org/W2162504912","https://openalex.org/W2167395312","https://openalex.org/W2242843277","https://openalex.org/W6661649348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355862987","https://openalex.org/W2049757704","https://openalex.org/W2402697569","https://openalex.org/W1993098890","https://openalex.org/W2070141875","https://openalex.org/W2326185588","https://openalex.org/W1970838757","https://openalex.org/W423694295","https://openalex.org/W4285018765","https://openalex.org/W4310584159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"radiation":[1],"represents":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,18,33,41,50,72,82,102,105,113,118,127,193,240],"the":[5,16,31,34,42,48,51,73,103,114,125,190,205,214,228,232],"most":[6,74],"accessible":[7],"within":[8],"renewable":[9],"energy":[10,115],"sources.":[11],"The":[12,165],"rapid":[13],"scaling-up":[14],"in":[15,30,60,180,227,238],"number":[17],"installed":[19],"photovoltaic":[20],"(PV)":[21],"systems":[22],"is":[23,65,77],"accompanied":[24],"by":[25],"an":[26,67],"increase":[27],"not":[28,174,223],"only":[29],"size":[32],"associated":[35,78],"investments":[36],"and":[37,91,162,182],"opportunities":[38],"but":[39],"also":[40],"related":[43],"risks.":[44],"In":[45,209],"this":[46],"context,":[47],"study":[49,167],"environmental":[52],"effects":[53,178],"which":[54],"may":[55],"bring":[56,175],"to":[57,79,87,99,159,176,201],"a":[58,100,110,144,236],"decrease":[59,101],"their":[61],"performance":[62],"during":[63],"operation":[64],"attracting":[66],"ever":[68],"increasing":[69],"attention.":[70],"One":[71],"critical":[75],"issues":[76],"on-site":[80],"dirtening":[81,133],"PV":[83,119,140,184,220],"module":[84,221,234],"surfaces":[85],"due":[86],"pollution,":[88],"dust":[89,160,206,212],"particles":[90],"salt":[92,163,170],"crystals":[93],"deposition.":[94],"Such":[95],"phenomena":[96],"can":[97],"lead":[98],"transmittance":[104],"solar":[106],"cell":[107],"glazing,":[108],"causing":[109],"significant":[111,225],"degradation":[112],"conversion":[116],"efficiency":[117,239],"modules.":[120],"This":[121],"paper":[122],"deals":[123],"with":[124,143],"characterization":[126],"polycrystalline":[128],"Si":[129],"modules":[130,141,185,199],"after":[131,204,211],"controlled":[132],"processes":[134],"made":[135],"under":[136],"certified":[137],"laboratory":[138],"protocols.":[139],"coated":[142,181,198,219],"proprietary":[145],"self-cleaning":[146,191],"protective":[147],"film":[148],"based":[149],"on":[150],"nanostructured":[151],"TiO":[152],"<sub":[153,195,216],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[154,196,217],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[155,197,218],"have":[156],"been":[157],"exposed":[158],"deposition":[161,207],"mist.":[164],"experimental":[166],"showed":[168,235],"that":[169],"mist":[171],"exposition":[172],"did":[173,222],"detrimental":[177],"both":[179],"un-coated":[183],"used":[186],"as":[187],"references.":[188],"Conversely,":[189],"properties":[192],"n-TiO":[194,215],"proved":[200],"be":[202],"effective":[203],"process.":[208],"fact,":[210],"deposition,":[213],"show":[224],"changes":[226],"I-V":[229],"characteristics,":[230],"while":[231],"reference":[233],"reduction":[237],"about":[241],"13.5%.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}