{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054648211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555694","title":"Robust pattern recognition of three dimensional weld pool surface in gas tungsten arc welding","display_name":"Robust pattern recognition of three dimensional weld pool surface in gas tungsten arc welding","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054648211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555694","mag":"2054648211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366498","display_name":"Weijie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-6067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"WeiJie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368854","display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-894X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037196246","display_name":"YuKang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YuKang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005715004","display_name":"Yuming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YuMing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100366498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76102024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"210","issue":null,"first_page":"1652","last_page":"1657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.7098764181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-pool","display_name":"Weld pool","score":0.7051169872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-tungsten-arc-welding","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","score":0.6590426564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.596640408039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.5808396935462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-lamp","display_name":"Arc lamp","score":0.5507349967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.4929220676422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4916008412837982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perpendicular","display_name":"Perpendicular","score":0.4684683680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.44253721833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-welding","display_name":"Arc welding","score":0.4357324540615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4326461851596832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42454245686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4236193895339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.38040488958358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13579511642456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12332841753959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10820725560188293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.7098764181137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980866","display_name":"Weld pool","level":5,"score":0.7051169872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3450827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1627310","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","level":4,"score":0.6590426564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.596640408039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.5808396935462952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4606981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841282","display_name":"Arc lamp","level":2,"score":0.5507349967956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4929220676422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4916008412837982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.4684683680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.44253721833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20480867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422937","display_name":"Arc welding","level":3,"score":0.4357324540615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4326461851596832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42454245686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4236193895339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38040488958358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13579511642456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12332841753959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10820725560188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34141764","https://openalex.org/W1480487340","https://openalex.org/W1972852353","https://openalex.org/W1981227762","https://openalex.org/W2004789907","https://openalex.org/W2007540979","https://openalex.org/W2011925350","https://openalex.org/W2013707649","https://openalex.org/W2036171295","https://openalex.org/W2048680356","https://openalex.org/W2050430997","https://openalex.org/W2104241941","https://openalex.org/W2117082278","https://openalex.org/W2159681926","https://openalex.org/W2161892902","https://openalex.org/W2274720498","https://openalex.org/W2514814806","https://openalex.org/W2524458421","https://openalex.org/W3126670658","https://openalex.org/W3146906066","https://openalex.org/W3152289430","https://openalex.org/W4253920039","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6726084264","https://openalex.org/W6789916712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377189753","https://openalex.org/W2000946488","https://openalex.org/W2011925350","https://openalex.org/W2090388954","https://openalex.org/W1988955224","https://openalex.org/W3109098952","https://openalex.org/W2118667018","https://openalex.org/W2261177741","https://openalex.org/W2021863752","https://openalex.org/W4239257907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measuring":[0],"weld":[1,23,44,142],"pool":[2,24,45,143],"surfaces":[3],"in":[4,84,116],"real-time":[5,155],"is":[6,40,51,73,92,103],"the":[7,21,27,43,64,77,81,96,107,117,121,128,140,154,158,162],"foundation":[8],"for":[9],"intelligent":[10],"welding":[11,148],"that":[12,120],"emulates":[13],"welders'":[14],"sensory":[15],"capability.":[16],"To":[17],"image":[18],"and":[19,47,53,109,153,165],"measure":[20],"mirror-like":[22],"surface":[25,46],"under":[26],"strong":[28],"arc":[29],"radiation,":[30],"a":[31,37,61,69,100],"structured":[32],"light":[33],"laser":[34,114],"pattern,":[35],"i.e.,":[36],"dot":[38,82,115],"matrix,":[39],"projected":[41],"onto":[42],"its":[48],"specular":[49],"reflection":[50,78,97,122,133],"intercepted":[52],"imaged":[54],"by":[55],"an":[56,88],"imaging":[57],"plane":[58],"placed":[59],"with":[60,127,146],"distance":[62],"from":[63],"arc.":[65],"In":[66,86],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"robust":[70],"recognition":[71,102],"scheme":[72],"proposed":[74,104,159],"to":[75,94,105,138],"identify":[76,95],"pattern":[79,101,118,123,134],"of":[80,112,157],"matrix":[83],"real-time.":[85],"particular,":[87],"adaptive":[89],"segmentation":[90],"algorithm":[91],"developed":[93],"pattern.":[98,130],"Then":[99],"determine":[106],"row":[108],"column":[110],"number":[111],"each":[113],"such":[119],"can":[124,135],"be":[125,136],"matched":[126],"projection":[129],"The":[131],"identified":[132],"used":[137],"reconstruct":[139],"3D":[141],"surface.":[144],"Experiments":[145],"different":[147],"conditions":[149],"have":[150],"been":[151],"conducted,":[152],"performance":[156],"procedure,":[160],"including":[161],"effectiveness,":[163],"robustness":[164],"time":[166],"cost,":[167],"has":[168],"bee":[169],"verified.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
