{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202129421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec49654.2021.9622839","title":"Realizing Forward Defense in the Cyber Domain","display_name":"Realizing Forward Defense in the Cyber Domain","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202129421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec49654.2021.9622839","mag":"3202129421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec49654.2021.9622839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec49654.2021.9622839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.01495","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003360458","display_name":"Sandeep Pisharody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-8579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Pisharody","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070870271","display_name":"Jonathan Bernays","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Bernays","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043450560","display_name":"Vijay Gadepally","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-2808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Gadepally","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064275902","display_name":"Michael Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5215-2346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072108599","display_name":"Jeremy Kepner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-2613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Kepner","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012417598","display_name":"Chad R. Meiners","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Meiners","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112526610","display_name":"Peter Michaleas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Michaleas","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083075684","display_name":"Adam Tse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Tse","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037235557","display_name":"Doug Stetson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Stetson","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003360458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28104326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.9694817066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.7055554389953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6843907237052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6628714799880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6317107677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence-theory","display_name":"Deterrence theory","score":0.601587176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-domain","display_name":"Public domain","score":0.5589442253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.536345362663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.48628461360931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.4725748598575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.43648505210876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.319789856672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.20426392555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1946883201599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1411845088005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12740176916122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10259780287742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07478678226470947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.9694817066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.7055554389953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6843907237052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6628714799880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6317107677459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.601587176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512654426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19652","display_name":"Public domain","level":2,"score":0.5589442253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.536345362663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48628461360931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4725748598575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.43648505210876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.319789856672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.20426392555236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1946883201599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1411845088005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12740176916122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10259780287742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07478678226470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec49654.2021.9622839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec49654.2021.9622839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.01495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01495","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.01495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3202129421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.01495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2110.01495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.01495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01495","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.01495","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202129421.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202129421.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163063147","https://openalex.org/W223901119","https://openalex.org/W1607319648","https://openalex.org/W2035049945","https://openalex.org/W2108073531","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2960095607","https://openalex.org/W2961910928","https://openalex.org/W2976036999","https://openalex.org/W3003074570","https://openalex.org/W3006060110","https://openalex.org/W3046746438","https://openalex.org/W6629617546","https://openalex.org/W6686970234","https://openalex.org/W6761732570","https://openalex.org/W6784908545","https://openalex.org/W6788305459","https://openalex.org/W6811180699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W47868842","https://openalex.org/W2792439259","https://openalex.org/W2961315538","https://openalex.org/W2774526357","https://openalex.org/W329589120","https://openalex.org/W2048728386","https://openalex.org/W3173851211","https://openalex.org/W2950758451","https://openalex.org/W2572590934","https://openalex.org/W2784252682","https://openalex.org/W3003662518","https://openalex.org/W2481524104","https://openalex.org/W2886545828","https://openalex.org/W2766998753","https://openalex.org/W2967820150","https://openalex.org/W2391951943","https://openalex.org/W2962882353","https://openalex.org/W2088005444","https://openalex.org/W3186002367","https://openalex.org/W3178115352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,19,32,40,50,73,83],"recognition":[2],"of":[3,44],"cyberspace":[4],"as":[5,70,75],"an":[6,56,85],"operating":[7],"domain,":[8],"concerted":[9],"effort":[10,37],"is":[11,38],"now":[12],"being":[13],"placed":[14],"on":[15],"addressing":[16],"it":[17],"in":[18,23,35,63,81],"whole-of-domain":[20],"manner":[21],"found":[22],"land,":[24],"sea,":[25],"undersea,":[26],"air,":[27],"and":[28,47,98],"space":[29],"domains.":[30],"Among":[31],"first":[33],"steps":[34],"this":[36],"applying":[39],"standard":[41],"supporting":[42],"concepts":[43],"security,":[45],"defense,":[46],"deterrence":[48],"to":[49,72],"cyber":[51,92],"domain.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"architecture":[57,84],"that":[58],"helps":[59],"realize":[60],"forward":[61],"defense":[62],"cyberspace,":[64],"wherein":[65],"adversarial":[66],"actions":[67],"are":[68],"repulsed":[69],"close":[71],"origin":[74],"possible.":[76],"However,":[77],"substantial":[78],"work":[79],"remains":[80],"making":[82],"operational":[86],"reality":[87],"including":[88],"furthering":[89],"fundamental":[90],"research":[91],"science,":[93],"conducting":[94],"design":[95],"trade-off":[96],"analysis,":[97],"developing":[99],"appropriate":[100],"public":[101],"policy":[102],"frameworks.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
