{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133488393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408620","title":"PinDrop: Breaking the Silence on SDCs in a Large-Scale Fleet","display_name":"PinDrop: Breaking the Silence on SDCs in a Large-Scale Fleet","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133488393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408620"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408620","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042797904","display_name":"Peter W. Deutsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter W. Deutsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT/Meta,Cambridge,Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT/Meta,Cambridge,Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018336899","display_name":"Harish Dattatraya Dixit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1163-5568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harish D. Dixit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Menlo Park,California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080162375","display_name":"Gautham Vunnam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gautham Vunnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Menlo Park,California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128118417","display_name":"Carl Moran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Menlo Park,California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000520026","display_name":"Eleanor Ozer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1467-8396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleanor Ozer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Menlo Park,California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sriram Sankar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sriram Sankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Menlo Park,California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042797904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59914226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12126","display_name":"Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silence","display_name":"Silence","score":0.6924999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.24220000207424164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.22679999470710754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781115785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502261","display_name":"Silence","level":2,"score":0.6924999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.24220000207424164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2290000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.22679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22660000622272491}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408620","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099569658","https://openalex.org/W2103315535","https://openalex.org/W2118033476","https://openalex.org/W2118582701","https://openalex.org/W2135966495","https://openalex.org/W2141992894","https://openalex.org/W2949762319","https://openalex.org/W3025856530","https://openalex.org/W3171842021","https://openalex.org/W3207452942","https://openalex.org/W4321636616","https://openalex.org/W4379115640","https://openalex.org/W4380520367","https://openalex.org/W4380881139","https://openalex.org/W4386214938","https://openalex.org/W4387321084","https://openalex.org/W4388212323","https://openalex.org/W4390098696","https://openalex.org/W4396949361","https://openalex.org/W4401212149","https://openalex.org/W4401337812","https://openalex.org/W4404954359","https://openalex.org/W4408893795","https://openalex.org/W4409248377","https://openalex.org/W4410394392","https://openalex.org/W4412130364","https://openalex.org/W4412944830","https://openalex.org/W4413677620"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Silent":[0],"Data":[1],"Corruptions":[2],"(SDCs)":[3],"pose":[4],"a":[5,50,61,92,144,186],"significant":[6],"and":[7,41,47,90,157,212],"often":[8,34],"hidden":[9],"threat":[10],"to":[11,37,74,86,107],"the":[12,42,100],"reliability":[13],"of":[14,45,72,95,104,117,124,139,167,169],"large-scale":[15,51],"computing":[16],"infrastructure,":[17],"as":[18],"they":[19,177],"can":[20],"silently":[21],"compromise":[22],"data":[23,140],"integrity":[24],"without":[25],"immediate":[26],"detection.":[27],"Detecting":[28],"such":[29],"behaviors":[30,200],"at":[31,79,129],"hyperscale":[32],"is":[33],"challenging":[35],"due":[36],"their":[38,135],"intermittent":[39],"nature":[40],"vast":[43],"diversity":[44],"hardware":[46],"workloads":[48],"in":[49,147,174],"fleet.":[52],"This":[53],"work":[54],"addresses":[55],"these":[56],"challenges":[57],"by":[58],"introducing":[59],"PinDrop,":[60],"characterization":[62,103],"methodology":[63],"that":[64,122,164],"leverages":[65],"continuous,":[66],"high-frequency":[67],"testing":[68,145],"infrastructure":[69],"across":[70,115,205],"millions":[71,116],"servers":[73],"gather":[75],"information":[76],"about":[77],"SDCs":[78,151],"scale.":[80],"By":[81],"leveraging":[82],"extensive":[83],"test-suites":[84],"tailored":[85],"mimic":[87],"real-world":[88],"applications":[89],"exercise":[91],"wide":[93],"range":[94],"CPU":[96],"features,":[97],"we":[98,149],"provide":[99,195],"most":[101],"comprehensive":[102],"SDC":[105,132,199],"failures":[106],"date,":[108],"analyzing":[109],"over":[110,159],"500":[111],"million":[112],"test":[113,207],"executions":[114],"devices.":[118],"Our":[119,192],"findings":[120,193],"reveal":[121],"0.035%":[123],"tested":[125,170,179],"machines":[126,171],"suffer":[127],"from":[128],"least":[130],"one":[131],"failure":[133,203],"during":[134],"lifetime.":[136],"Examining":[137],"years":[138],"(rather":[141],"than":[142],"just":[143],"snapshot":[146],"time),":[148],"observe":[150],"emerging":[152],"long":[153],"after":[154],"initial":[155,182],"deployment":[156],"persisting":[158],"time.":[160],"Detailed":[161],"analysis":[162],"shows":[163],"an":[165,181],"average":[166],"0.0024%":[168],"begin":[172],"failing":[173],"each":[175],"quarter":[176],"are":[178],"beyond":[180],"burn-in":[183],"period,":[184],"confirming":[185],"fundamental":[187],"need":[188],"for":[189],"continuous":[190],"testing.":[191],"also":[194],"further":[196],"insights":[197],"into":[198],"at-scale,":[201],"including":[202],"breakdowns":[204],"architectures,":[206],"families,":[208],"specific":[209],"core":[210],"IDs,":[211],"output-level":[213],"behaviors.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2026-03-05T00:00:00"}
