{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133530416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408477","title":"LEGO: Supporting LLM-Enhanced Games with One Gaming GPU","display_name":"LEGO: Supporting LLM-Enhanced Games with One Gaming GPU","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133530416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408477"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128094920","display_name":"Han Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008837660","display_name":"Weihao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-5260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128078493","display_name":"Zeshen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeshen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111973765","display_name":"W. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9462-1400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047636121","display_name":"Jiangtong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-4053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128054658","display_name":"Quan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083883541","display_name":"Pu Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3685-0901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092687787","display_name":"Zijun LI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128101565","display_name":"Zhenhua Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094744","display_name":"Shanghai Genon Biological Products (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vyqsz57","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094744"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Qiji Zhifeng Co., Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Qiji Zhifeng Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118093092","display_name":"Yuqing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-1350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128045567","display_name":"Minyi Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128094920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53544683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.4465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.4465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.24169999361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.24120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.23420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.2313999980688095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.24169999361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.24120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.23420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2313999980688095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.22660000622272491}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca68181.2026.11408477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5512089133262634}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3572483893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302302,62232011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8435695124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24ZR1430500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1753511087","https://openalex.org/W2015518316","https://openalex.org/W2038201895","https://openalex.org/W2886776468","https://openalex.org/W2949380140","https://openalex.org/W2952562115","https://openalex.org/W3088857670","https://openalex.org/W3097411828","https://openalex.org/W3130716829","https://openalex.org/W3212220337","https://openalex.org/W4214512541","https://openalex.org/W4231332361","https://openalex.org/W4366341968","https://openalex.org/W4388040917","https://openalex.org/W4394944658","https://openalex.org/W4400397496","https://openalex.org/W4401211704","https://openalex.org/W4401943432","https://openalex.org/W4402671987","https://openalex.org/W4405754909","https://openalex.org/W4415795273","https://openalex.org/W7133219248","https://openalex.org/W7133236469"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"increasingly":[5],"applied":[6],"to":[7,35,76,96,122,133,137],"gaming,":[8],"with":[9],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12],"(LLMs)":[13],"playing":[14],"a":[15,66,87],"key":[16],"role":[17],"in":[18,113],"character":[19],"control.":[20],"However,":[21],"efficiently":[22],"co-locating":[23],"game":[24,60],"rendering":[25,61,99,117],"and":[26,41,59,125],"LLM":[27,57,89,127],"inference":[28,58,82,94,128],"on":[29,102],"one":[30],"GPU":[31],"presents":[32],"challenges":[33],"due":[34],"resource":[36],"constraints,":[37],"diverse":[38],"latency":[39,111],"requirements,":[40],"fine-grained":[42],"task":[43],"scheduling.":[44],"We":[45],"propose":[46],"LEGO,":[47],"an":[48,103],"algorithm-system":[49],"co-design":[50],"that":[51,108],"enables":[52],"the":[53],"efficient":[54],"co-location":[55],"of":[56],"tasks.":[62],"Algorithmwise,":[63],"LEGO":[64,85,109],"features":[65],"resource-oriented":[67],"layer-skipping":[68,139],"adaptor,":[69],"which":[70,91],"distills":[71],"knowledge":[72],"from":[73],"skipped":[74],"layers":[75],"reduce":[77],"computational":[78],"demand":[79],"while":[80],"maintaining":[81],"accuracy.":[83],"System-wise,":[84],"proposes":[86],"headroom-maximizing":[88],"scheduler,":[90],"dynamically":[92],"partitions":[93],"tasks":[95],"utilize":[97],"available":[98],"headroom.":[100],"Evaluations":[101],"Nvidia":[104],"RTX":[105],"4090":[106],"show":[107],"meets":[110],"targets":[112],"all":[114],"scenarios,":[115],"improves":[116],"headroom":[118],"utilization":[119],"by":[120,131],"up":[121,132],"28.6":[123],"%,":[124],"reduces":[126],"accuracy":[129],"loss":[130],"86.3":[134],"%":[135],"compared":[136],"current":[138],"approaches.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-03-05T00:00:00"}
