{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409248737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca61900.2025.00016","title":"Mascot: Predicting Memory Dependencies and Opportunities for Speculative Memory Bypassing","display_name":"Mascot: Predicting Memory Dependencies and Opportunities for Speculative Memory Bypassing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409248737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca61900.2025.00016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca61900.2025.00016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca61900.2025.00016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117071317","display_name":"Karl H. Mose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl H. Mose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109457396","display_name":"Sebastian S. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian S. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073507304","display_name":"Alberto Ros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-1064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Ros","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047443783","display_name":"Timothy M. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-7661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80180929","display_name":"Universidad de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/03p3aeb86","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy M. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Murcia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Murcia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040762162","display_name":"Robert Mullins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Mullins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117071317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84744502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"59","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7421218156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.5086527466773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speculative-multithreading","display_name":"Speculative multithreading","score":0.4916744828224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4734375476837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.31321191787719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25863051414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2510114312171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multithreading","display_name":"Multithreading","score":0.06675270199775696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7421218156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.5086527466773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15296174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575343","display_name":"Speculative multithreading","level":4,"score":0.4916744828224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4734375476837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.31321191787719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25863051414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2510114312171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201410400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064412","display_name":"Multithreading","level":3,"score":0.06675270199775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca61900.2025.00016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca61900.2025.00016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516817683","https://openalex.org/W2034062945","https://openalex.org/W2145483435","https://openalex.org/W2157225945","https://openalex.org/W2163015177","https://openalex.org/W2164264749","https://openalex.org/W2325153866","https://openalex.org/W2556987114","https://openalex.org/W2884660554","https://openalex.org/W2897302968","https://openalex.org/W3151872585","https://openalex.org/W4210823068","https://openalex.org/W4226212055","https://openalex.org/W4232489740","https://openalex.org/W4248390738","https://openalex.org/W4250014262","https://openalex.org/W4253546582","https://openalex.org/W4387951180","https://openalex.org/W4393406905","https://openalex.org/W6608060382","https://openalex.org/W6631490775","https://openalex.org/W6658186376","https://openalex.org/W6714120795","https://openalex.org/W6738069498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W227765782","https://openalex.org/W4238383621","https://openalex.org/W2082485924","https://openalex.org/W2034886984","https://openalex.org/W3012114143","https://openalex.org/W2023832055","https://openalex.org/W2162464118","https://openalex.org/W2055200990","https://openalex.org/W2116170858","https://openalex.org/W4239886135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Memory-dependence":[0],"prediction":[1],"(MDP)":[2],"increases":[3],"instruction-level":[4],"parallelism":[5],"(ILP)":[6],"by":[7,49,59,211],"allowing":[8,88],"load":[9,28,64,84],"instructions":[10],"to":[11,54,62,68,90,179,243,268],"be":[12,105],"issued":[13],"even":[14],"when":[15,37,133],"addresses":[16,74],"in":[17,169,217,334],"the":[18,56,83,111,129,134,139,143,151,170,183,212,251,275,313,320],"store":[19,61,86],"queue":[20],"are":[21,113,156],"unknown.":[22],"The":[23],"predictor":[24,200,228],"determines":[25],"whether":[26],"a":[27,32,38,51,60,63,198,226],"will":[29],"alias":[30],"with":[31,107,115,340],"prior":[33,233],"store,":[34],"delaying":[35],"issue":[36,144],"dependence":[39,53,176],"is":[40,66,136,209],"predicted.":[41],"Speculative":[42],"memory":[43,175],"bypassing":[44],"(SMB)":[45],"further":[46],"enhances":[47],"ILP":[48],"short-circuiting":[50],"predicted":[52,67,106],"forward":[55],"value":[57],"written":[58],"that":[65,284,294],"depend":[69],"on":[70,82,150,317,338],"it,":[71],"without":[72],"their":[73,92],"necessarily":[75],"being":[76,118],"known.":[77],"This":[78],"breaks":[79],"data":[80],"dependencies":[81,103,254],"and":[85,206,265,271,328],"addresses,":[87],"loads":[89],"obtain":[91,101],"values":[93],"much":[94],"earlier":[95],"than":[96,123,281],"they":[97,160],"normally":[98],"would.":[99],"To":[100],"benefits,":[102],"must":[104],"high":[108],"accuracy.":[109],"Furthermore,":[110],"benefits":[112],"skewed,":[114],"false":[116,124,154,164,263,266],"negatives":[117,165,264],"more":[119],"costly":[120],"for":[121,126,187,253,295,301,325],"performance":[122],"positives":[125,155,267],"MDP,":[127],"since":[128],"former":[130],"requires":[131],"squashing":[132],"misprediction":[135],"identified,":[137],"whereas":[138,163],"latter":[140],"only":[141,285],"delays":[142],"of":[145,172,185,202,247,308,336,343,348,361],"independent":[146],"loads.":[147],"For":[148],"SMB,":[149,272,329],"other":[152],"hand,":[153],"very":[157],"costly,":[158],"as":[159,225,255,257],"require":[161],"squashing,":[162],"have":[166,190],"little":[167],"impact":[168],"presence":[171],"an":[173,305,332],"accurate":[174],"predictor.":[177],"Due":[178],"these":[180,188],"differing":[181],"requirements,":[182],"designs":[184,283],"predictors":[186,238],"mechanisms":[189],"diverged.":[191],"In":[192],"this":[193],"paper,":[194],"we":[195,230],"propose":[196],"Mascot,":[197,349],"novel":[199],"capable":[201],"performing":[203],"both":[204,326],"MDP":[205,235,270,287,302,327],"SMB.":[207,289],"MASCOT":[208],"inspired":[210],"TAGE":[213,221],"predictor,":[214,316],"widely":[215],"used":[216,300,324],"branch":[218],"prediction.":[219],"Although":[220],"has":[222],"proven":[223],"effective":[224],"universal":[227],"structure,":[229],"demonstrate":[231],"how":[232],"TAGE-based":[234],"or":[236,288],"SMB":[237],"suffer":[239],"from":[240],"inaccuracy":[241],"due":[242],"not":[244],"learning":[245,250],"patterns":[246],"non-dependence.":[248],"By":[249],"context":[252],"well":[256],"non-dependencies,":[258],"Mascot":[259],"achieves":[260,351],"sufficiently":[261],"low":[262],"perform":[269,286],"while":[273,356],"at":[274,319],"same":[276,321],"time":[277],"uses":[278],"less":[279],"space":[280],"existing":[282],"Our":[290],"simulation":[291],"results":[292],"show":[293],"SPEC":[296],"CPU":[297],"2017,":[298],"MAscot":[299],"alone":[303],"yields":[304,331],"IPC":[306,335],"gain":[307],"${0.":[309],"4":[310],"\\%}$":[311],"over":[312],"previous":[314],"state-of-the-art":[315],"average,":[318,339],"size.":[322],"When":[323],"it":[330],"increase":[333],"1.9%":[337],"peak":[341],"gains":[342],"26%.":[344],"A":[345],"compacted":[346],"version":[347],"Mascot-opt,":[350],"similar":[352],"numbers":[353],"within":[354],"0.1%":[355],"using":[357],"just":[358],"10.1":[359],"KiB":[360],"space.":[362]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
