{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360831805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071135","title":"Turbo: SmartNIC-enabled Dynamic Load Balancing of \u00b5s-scale RPCs","display_name":"Turbo: SmartNIC-enabled Dynamic Load Balancing of \u00b5s-scale RPCs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360831805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055375842","display_name":"Hamed Seyedroudbari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Seyedroudbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,USA,Georgia","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,USA,Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000862490","display_name":"Srikar Vanavasam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-2812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srikar Vanavasam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Computer Science,Atlanta,USA,Georgia","School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Computer Science,Atlanta,USA,Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039780327","display_name":"Alexandros Daglis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-1666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Daglis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Computer Science,Atlanta,USA,Georgia","School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology,School of Computer Science,Atlanta,USA,Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055375842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9551391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1045","last_page":"1058"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7940661907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.6417971253395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6028993725776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5472837686538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5386369824409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.5268489122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5260657668113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.46628284454345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37953874468803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3580445945262909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3336092233657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11330658197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.09439456462860107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7940661907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.6417971253395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6028993725776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5472837686538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5386369824409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.5268489122390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5260657668113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.46628284454345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37953874468803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3580445945262909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3336092233657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11330658197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.09439456462860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982063824","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W2010324635","https://openalex.org/W2088792715","https://openalex.org/W2140101134","https://openalex.org/W2141510310","https://openalex.org/W2165663045","https://openalex.org/W2171039044","https://openalex.org/W2495853989","https://openalex.org/W2597880136","https://openalex.org/W2744387122","https://openalex.org/W2761028280","https://openalex.org/W2794896506","https://openalex.org/W2867345499","https://openalex.org/W2900470020","https://openalex.org/W2932419576","https://openalex.org/W2965879390","https://openalex.org/W2982176300","https://openalex.org/W2984905932","https://openalex.org/W2991897569","https://openalex.org/W3042846511","https://openalex.org/W3105875719","https://openalex.org/W3153563908","https://openalex.org/W3188826891","https://openalex.org/W3205886172","https://openalex.org/W3205984154","https://openalex.org/W4236053521","https://openalex.org/W4239385313","https://openalex.org/W4281617381","https://openalex.org/W4312060019","https://openalex.org/W6625708980","https://openalex.org/W6684980599","https://openalex.org/W6689173263","https://openalex.org/W6731689793","https://openalex.org/W6750782330","https://openalex.org/W6760573357","https://openalex.org/W6764873897","https://openalex.org/W6765378824","https://openalex.org/W6784566396","https://openalex.org/W6785790300","https://openalex.org/W6797220429","https://openalex.org/W6797998664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350199049","https://openalex.org/W2380023786","https://openalex.org/W2331973420","https://openalex.org/W2071237030","https://openalex.org/W2150101281","https://openalex.org/W3134254407","https://openalex.org/W2763342290","https://openalex.org/W2385899138","https://openalex.org/W3111074096","https://openalex.org/W2944998523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"services":[1],"are":[2],"decomposed":[3],"into":[4],"fine-grained":[5,14],"software":[6,29,91],"components":[7],"that":[8,41,102,115,165],"communicate":[9],"over":[10],"the":[11,32,54,64,83,122,184],"network":[12],"using":[13],"Remote":[15],"Procedure":[16],"Calls":[17],"(RPCs).":[18],"Inter-server":[19],"communication":[20],"often":[21],"exhibits":[22],"patterns":[23],"of":[24,56,63,130,134,149,182],"wide":[25],"RPC":[26,72],"fan-outs":[27],"between":[28],"tiers,":[30],"raising":[31],"well-known":[33],"tail":[34,45,66],"at":[35],"scale":[36],"effect":[37],"and":[38,92,143,154,191],"necessitating":[39],"mechanisms":[40,89,164],"curb":[42],"long":[43],"response":[44],"latencies.":[46],"When":[47],"handling":[48],"\u00b5s-scale":[49],"RPCs,":[50],"request":[51],"distribution":[52,120],"across":[53,169],"cores":[55],"multicore":[57],"servers":[58],"is":[59],"a":[60,78,110,132,140,147,156,175,197],"major":[61],"determinant":[62],"resulting":[65],"latency.":[67],"Software":[68],"approaches":[69],"for":[70,121,196],"inter-core":[71,93,99,118],"balancing":[73],"introduce":[74,108],"considerable":[75],"overheads,":[76,95],"throttling":[77],"server\u2019s":[79],"peak":[80],"throughput.":[81],"On":[82],"other":[84],"hand,":[85],"existing":[86],"NIC-based":[87,163],"hardware":[88,111,162],"ameliorate":[90],"synchronization":[94],"but":[96],"result":[97],"in":[98],"load":[100,119,168],"imbalance":[101],"leaves":[103],"significant":[104],"performance":[105],"improvement":[106],"headroom.We":[107],"Turbo,":[109],"on-NIC":[112],"load-balancing":[113],"mechanism":[114],"achieves":[116],"near-optimal":[117],"most":[123],"fine-grained,":[124],"light-tailed":[125],"RPCs":[126],"with":[127,155],"service":[128,151,185],"times":[129],"only":[131],"couple":[133],"\u00b5s.":[135],"We":[136],"implement":[137],"Turbo":[138,171],"on":[139,146],"programmable":[141],"NIC":[142],"evaluate":[144],"it":[145],"range":[148],"different":[150],"time":[152,186],"distributions":[153],"high-performance":[157],"Key-Value":[158],"store.":[159],"Compared":[160],"to":[161,189,194],"statically":[166],"spread":[167],"cores,":[170],"boosts":[172],"throughput":[173],"under":[174],"99%":[176],"latency":[177],"Service":[178],"Level":[179],"Objective":[180],"(SLO)":[181],"30\u00d7":[183],"by":[187,192],"up":[188,193],"5\u00d7,":[190],"95\u00d7":[195],"more":[198],"aggressive":[199],"10\u00d7":[200],"SLO":[201],"target.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T06:45:51.903784","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}