{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360831960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10070983","title":"GROW: A Row-Stationary Sparse-Dense GEMM Accelerator for Memory-Efficient Graph Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"GROW: A Row-Stationary Sparse-Dense GEMM Accelerator for Memory-Efficient Graph Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360831960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10070983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10070983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10070983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081950817","display_name":"Ranggi Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-586X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ranggi Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008981573","display_name":"Minhoo Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhoo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444749","display_name":"Jiwon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6529-5333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064486180","display_name":"Dongyun Kam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-1845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyun Kam","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH,Department of Electrical Engineering","Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH,Department of Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048891431","display_name":"Youngjoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-8276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngjoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH,Department of Electrical Engineering","Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH,Department of Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091648103","display_name":"Minsoo Rhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-8681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsoo Rhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST,School of Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081950817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97363124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"42","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7511546611785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6258975267410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.6192778944969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5490083694458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5316216349601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4510646164417267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.4413865804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.351489782333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3182498514652252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22441130876541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13229641318321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.09237053990364075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511546611785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6258975267410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.6192778944969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5490083694458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5316216349601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4510646164417267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.4413865804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.351489782333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3182498514652252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22441130876541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13229641318321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.09237053990364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10070983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10070983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2070232376","https://openalex.org/W2089437293","https://openalex.org/W2106435568","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2755088640","https://openalex.org/W2788601541","https://openalex.org/W2794952988","https://openalex.org/W2803533564","https://openalex.org/W2806351858","https://openalex.org/W2926442184","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2962821792","https://openalex.org/W2964571482","https://openalex.org/W2979310060","https://openalex.org/W2979719709","https://openalex.org/W3000310304","https://openalex.org/W3016735325","https://openalex.org/W3016832937","https://openalex.org/W3017024317","https://openalex.org/W3017228913","https://openalex.org/W3024621361","https://openalex.org/W3042495273","https://openalex.org/W3045613009","https://openalex.org/W3046757167","https://openalex.org/W3047846843","https://openalex.org/W3090369187","https://openalex.org/W3091862797","https://openalex.org/W3100078588","https://openalex.org/W3103168911","https://openalex.org/W3105753905","https://openalex.org/W3106125969","https://openalex.org/W3113181213","https://openalex.org/W3132695675","https://openalex.org/W3155922894","https://openalex.org/W3157609068","https://openalex.org/W3158702178","https://openalex.org/W3172512547","https://openalex.org/W3193327410","https://openalex.org/W3207399097","https://openalex.org/W4231449374","https://openalex.org/W4281634017","https://openalex.org/W4281850905","https://openalex.org/W4285676448","https://openalex.org/W4288419263","https://openalex.org/W4297951436","https://openalex.org/W6685350579","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6743410771","https://openalex.org/W6744271739","https://openalex.org/W6751310286","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6760045743","https://openalex.org/W6760755035","https://openalex.org/W6765543928","https://openalex.org/W6776488958","https://openalex.org/W6797677657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543798151","https://openalex.org/W2544965371","https://openalex.org/W2965967938","https://openalex.org/W1971891790","https://openalex.org/W2529540995","https://openalex.org/W2144511445","https://openalex.org/W2011244049","https://openalex.org/W2791204867","https://openalex.org/W2617819327","https://openalex.org/W2130748128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"convolutional":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"(GCNs)":[4],"have":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,55],"a":[8,56,81,90,104],"key":[9],"technology":[10],"in":[11,106,127],"various":[12],"application":[13],"domains":[14],"where":[15],"the":[16,50,76,99,113],"input":[17],"data":[18,69],"is":[19,26],"relational.":[20],"A":[21],"unique":[22],"property":[23],"of":[24,58],"GCNs":[25],"that":[27,102],"its":[28],"two":[29],"primary":[30],"execution":[31],"stages,":[32],"aggregation":[33,51],"and":[34,52,108,119,124,129],"combination,":[35],"exhibit":[36],"drastically":[37],"different":[38],"dataflows.":[39],"Consequently,":[40],"prior":[41,63],"GCN":[42,82],"accelerators":[43],"tackle":[44],"this":[45],"research":[46],"space":[47],"by":[48,117],"casting":[49],"combination":[53],"stages":[54],"series":[57],"sparse-dense":[59,94],"matrix":[60],"multiplication.":[61],"However,":[62],"work":[64],"frequently":[65],"suffers":[66],"from":[67],"inefficient":[68],"movements,":[70],"leaving":[71],"significant":[72],"performance":[73,128],"left":[74],"on":[75,85],"table.":[77],"We":[78],"present":[79],"GROW,":[80],"accelerator":[83],"based":[84,93],"Gustavson\u2019s":[86],"algorithm":[87],"to":[88],"architect":[89],"row-wise":[91],"product":[92],"GEMM":[95],"accelerator.":[96],"GROW":[97],"co-designs":[98],"software/":[100],"hardware":[101],"strikes":[103],"balance":[105],"locality":[107],"parallelism":[109],"for":[110],"GCNs,":[111],"reducing":[112],"average":[114,122],"memory":[115],"traffic":[116],"2\u00d7,":[118],"achieving":[120],"an":[121],"2.8\u00d7":[123],"2.3\u00d7":[125],"improvement":[126],"energy-efficiency,":[130],"respectively.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}