{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165108281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5277310","title":"Text extraction from degraded document image independent of character color based on MAP-MRF approach","display_name":"Text extraction from degraded document image independent of character color based on MAP-MRF approach","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165108281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5277310","mag":"2165108281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5277310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5277310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067228202","display_name":"Hideaki Kawano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-4171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hideaki Kawano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006665177","display_name":"Hideaki Orii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideaki Orii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074584387","display_name":"Hiroshi Maeda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Maeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067764774","display_name":"Norikazu Ikoma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norikazu Ikoma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067228202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20545384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":null,"first_page":"165","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7835609912872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colored","display_name":"Colored","score":0.7196659445762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6998481154441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6495130062103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5864143371582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5849418640136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5143752694129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22485050559043884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7835609912872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778307483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5149038","display_name":"Colored","level":2,"score":0.7196659445762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6998481154441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6495130062103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5864143371582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5849418640136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5143752694129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22485050559043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5277310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2009.5277310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49742075","https://openalex.org/W1600276254","https://openalex.org/W1970800786","https://openalex.org/W2021422668","https://openalex.org/W2083970667","https://openalex.org/W2096832794","https://openalex.org/W2097090565","https://openalex.org/W2127319406","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2148539800","https://openalex.org/W2169551590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140509105","https://openalex.org/W1547843988","https://openalex.org/W3146178872","https://openalex.org/W4235907447","https://openalex.org/W4205128724","https://openalex.org/W2040849466","https://openalex.org/W346008744","https://openalex.org/W2072835713","https://openalex.org/W891964471","https://openalex.org/W4392315687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"novel":[3],"background":[4,25],"and":[5,27,38],"foreground":[6,28],"estimation":[7],"algorithm":[8],"in":[9],"MAP-MRF":[10],"approach":[11],"for":[12],"binarization":[13],"of":[14],"degraded":[15],"document":[16],"image.":[17],"In":[18],"the":[19,35,49,55,71],"proposed":[20,72],"algorithm,":[21,37],"an":[22],"assumption":[23],"that":[24,70],"whiteness":[26],"blackness":[29],"is":[30],"not":[31],"employed":[32],"differently":[33],"from":[34],"conventional":[36],"we":[39],"employ":[40],"characters'":[41],"irregularities":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44],"local":[45],"statistics.":[46],"This":[47],"makes":[48],"method":[50,73],"possible":[51],"to":[52,54],"apply":[53],"image":[56],"with":[57],"various":[58],"colored":[59,65],"characters,":[60],"ex.":[61],"outlined":[62],"characters":[63],"by":[64],"background.":[66],"Experimental":[67],"results":[68],"show":[69],"achieves":[74],"promising":[75],"results.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}