{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414123499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz62266.2025.11152136","title":"Heart Rate Estimation Using iBCG Technique and Fuzzy Logic Design","display_name":"Heart Rate Estimation Using iBCG Technique and Fuzzy Logic Design","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414123499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz62266.2025.11152136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz62266.2025.11152136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz62266.2025.11152136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei-Zhi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754708","display_name":"Chun\u2010Liang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-3450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Liang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043922065","display_name":"Shih-Hao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102739318","display_name":"Yangyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2124-3293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang-Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Hsing University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Taichung,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2214632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.33169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5489000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779611634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851812","display_name":"Ballistocardiography","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz62266.2025.11152136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz62266.2025.11152136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971484365","https://openalex.org/W1984026713","https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W2064659575","https://openalex.org/W2091717878","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2247908160","https://openalex.org/W2619132050","https://openalex.org/W2738968590","https://openalex.org/W2902449706","https://openalex.org/W2969809135","https://openalex.org/W3024964434","https://openalex.org/W4297816351","https://openalex.org/W4385691740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-contact":[0],"heart":[1,152],"rate":[2,153],"measurement":[3],"using":[4],"video-based":[5],"techniques":[6],"has":[7],"become":[8],"increasingly":[9],"important":[10],"in":[11,24,110,162],"health":[12],"monitoring.":[13],"Traditional":[14],"approaches,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"remote":[18],"photoplethysmography":[19],"(rPPG),":[20],"often":[21],"face":[22],"limitations":[23],"low-light":[25,100],"environments":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,87,120],"their":[29],"dependence":[30],"on":[31],"skin":[32],"reflectance.":[33],"Imaging":[34],"ballistocardiography":[35],"(BCG),":[36],"which":[37],"leverages":[38],"subtle":[39],"head":[40],"motions":[41],"caused":[42],"by":[43],"cardiac":[44],"activity,":[45],"provides":[46],"a":[47,105,114],"viable":[48],"alternative.":[49],"This":[50,140],"study":[51],"introduces":[52],"an":[53],"enhanced":[54],"iBCG-based":[55],"method":[56,81],"for":[57,148],"HR":[58],"estimation,":[59],"utilizing":[60],"Z-axis":[61],"signals":[62],"derived":[63],"from":[64,133],"facial":[65],"video":[66],"recordings.":[67],"By":[68],"employing":[69],"Independent":[70],"Component":[71],"Analysis":[72],"(ICA)":[73],"and":[74,99,130,150,164],"advanced":[75],"signal":[76,124],"processing":[77],"techniques,":[78],"the":[79,122,134,144],"proposed":[80],"achieves":[82],"significant":[83],"accuracy":[84],"improvements":[85],"compared":[86],"conventional":[88],"XY-based":[89],"methods.":[90],"Experimental":[91],"validation":[92],"demonstrates":[93],"its":[94],"robustness":[95],"under":[96],"both":[97],"normal":[98],"conditions,":[101,158],"outperforming":[102],"rPPG":[103],"with":[104],"mean":[106],"error":[107],"of":[108,146],"3.75%":[109],"dark":[111],"environments.":[112,167],"Additionally,":[113],"fuzzy":[115],"inferencing":[116],"framework":[117],"is":[118],"applied":[119],"select":[121],"optimal":[123],"component,":[125],"incorporating":[126],"features":[127],"like":[128],"regularity":[129],"power":[131],"concentration":[132],"Power":[135],"Spectral":[136],"Density":[137],"(PSD)":[138],"analysis.":[139],"innovative":[141],"approach":[142],"highlights":[143],"potential":[145],"iBCG":[147],"precise":[149],"reliable":[151],"monitoring":[154],"across":[155],"diverse":[156],"lighting":[157],"offering":[159],"promising":[160],"applications":[161],"clinical":[163],"home":[165],"care":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
