{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189772259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz45933.2021.9494589","title":"Generation of Textual Explanations in XAI: the Case of Semantic Annotation","display_name":"Generation of Textual Explanations in XAI: the Case of Semantic Annotation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189772259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz45933.2021.9494589","mag":"3189772259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz45933.2021.9494589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz45933.2021.9494589","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03408917","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040960179","display_name":"Jean-Philippe Poli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-6187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Philippe Poli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France","LI3A (CEA, LIST) - Intelligence Artificielle et Apprentissage Automatique (CEA, LIST) (Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Learning (LI3A)\r\n91191 - Gif sur Yvette cedex\r\nanciennement Laboratoire Analyse des Donn\u00e9es et Intelligence des Syst\u00e8mes (LADIS), Laboratoire Information Mod\u00e8les et Apprentissage (LIMA), Laboratoire Intelligence Multi-capteurs et Apprentissage (LIMA) - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LI3A (CEA, LIST) - Intelligence Artificielle et Apprentissage Automatique (CEA, LIST) (Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Learning (LI3A)\r\n91191 - Gif sur Yvette cedex\r\nanciennement Laboratoire Analyse des Donn\u00e9es et Intelligence des Syst\u00e8mes (LADIS), Laboratoire Information Mod\u00e8les et Apprentissage (LIMA), Laboratoire Intelligence Multi-capteurs et Apprentissage (LIMA) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070507590","display_name":"Wassila Ouerdane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-7461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152683","display_name":"Math\u00e9matiques et Informatique pour la Complexit\u00e9 et les Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/03q29s414","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4387152683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wassila Ouerdane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, MICS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","MICS - Math\u00e9matiques et Informatique pour la Complexit\u00e9 et les Syst\u00e8mes (Plateau de Moulon 3 rue Joliot Curie 91192 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, MICS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICS - Math\u00e9matiques et Informatique pour la Complexit\u00e9 et les Syst\u00e8mes (Plateau de Moulon 3 rue Joliot Curie 91192 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036227934","display_name":"R\u00e9gis Pierrard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-6012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regis Pierrard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, MICS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","LI3A (CEA, LIST) - Intelligence Artificielle et Apprentissage Automatique (CEA, LIST) (Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Learning (LI3A)\r\n91191 - Gif sur Yvette cedex\r\nanciennement Laboratoire Analyse des Donn\u00e9es et Intelligence des Syst\u00e8mes (LADIS), Laboratoire Information Mod\u00e8les et Apprentissage (LIMA), Laboratoire Intelligence Multi-capteurs et Apprentissage (LIMA) - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, MICS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LI3A (CEA, LIST) - Intelligence Artificielle et Apprentissage Automatique (CEA, LIST) (Artificial Intelligence and Automatic Learning (LI3A)\r\n91191 - Gif sur Yvette cedex\r\nanciennement Laboratoire Analyse des Donn\u00e9es et Intelligence des Syst\u00e8mes (LADIS), Laboratoire Information Mod\u00e8les et Apprentissage (LIMA), Laboratoire Intelligence Multi-capteurs et Apprentissage (LIMA) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040960179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78696996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7948340177536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.670225977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vagueness","display_name":"Vagueness","score":0.6566122174263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6470491290092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5666630864143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.5363358855247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5242664813995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5083217024803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4973128139972687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4731009006500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.4612594544887543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.44919300079345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.44181081652641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4171868562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35427552461624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11607328057289124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7948340177536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.670225977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776825360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411921","display_name":"Vagueness","level":3,"score":0.6566122174263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6470491290092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5666630864143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.5363358855247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5242664813995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5083217024803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4973128139972687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4731009006500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.4612594544887543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.44919300079345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44181081652641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4171868562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35427552461624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11607328057289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fuzz45933.2021.9494589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz45933.2021.9494589","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03408917v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03408917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9494589/","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5575055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5575055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03408917v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03408917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9494589/","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143991196","https://openalex.org/W1597474747","https://openalex.org/W1994500457","https://openalex.org/W1999001398","https://openalex.org/W2012303829","https://openalex.org/W2035329223","https://openalex.org/W2039993828","https://openalex.org/W2043147031","https://openalex.org/W2051677363","https://openalex.org/W2053631137","https://openalex.org/W2065737882","https://openalex.org/W2079856551","https://openalex.org/W2081275219","https://openalex.org/W2099007301","https://openalex.org/W2126008154","https://openalex.org/W2160613239","https://openalex.org/W2162126348","https://openalex.org/W2165683312","https://openalex.org/W2234003339","https://openalex.org/W2594475271","https://openalex.org/W2735314014","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2979359061","https://openalex.org/W2998175747","https://openalex.org/W3098389804","https://openalex.org/W3108445278","https://openalex.org/W6635490985","https://openalex.org/W6741285037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566406229","https://openalex.org/W3177930984","https://openalex.org/W2052697133","https://openalex.org/W2119028572","https://openalex.org/W2152482390","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W2076896210","https://openalex.org/W2365617273","https://openalex.org/W2506386910","https://openalex.org/W2117928543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"image":[1,71,77,93,121],"annotation":[2,78,119],"is":[3,32,43,50],"a":[4,44,87],"field":[5],"of":[6,26,99,116,120],"paramount":[7],"importance":[8],"in":[9,46],"which":[10],"deep":[11],"learning":[12],"excels.":[13],"However,":[14],"some":[15],"application":[16],"domains,":[17],"like":[18],"security":[19],"or":[20],"medicine,":[21],"may":[22],"need":[23],"an":[24,33,41,110],"explanation":[25,42,114],"this":[27,36,39,106],"annotation.":[28],"Explainable":[29],"Artificial":[30],"Intelligence":[31],"answer":[34],"to":[35,52,55,64,70,85],"need.":[37],"In":[38,105],"work,":[40],"sentence":[45],"natural":[47],"language":[48],"that":[49,62,82,90],"dedicated":[51],"human":[53,100],"users":[54],"provide":[56],"them":[57],"clues":[58],"about":[59],"the":[60,65,67,97,117],"process":[61],"leads":[63],"decision:":[66],"labels":[68],"assignment":[69],"parts.":[72],"We":[73],"focus":[74],"on":[75],"semantic":[76,118],"with":[79],"fuzzy":[80],"logic":[81],"has":[83],"proven":[84],"be":[86],"useful":[88],"framework":[89],"captures":[91],"both":[92],"segmentation":[94],"imprecision":[95],"and":[96,103],"vagueness":[98],"spatial":[101],"knowledge":[102],"vocabulary.":[104],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"present":[109],"algorithm":[111],"for":[112],"textual":[113],"generation":[115],"regions.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}