{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1919004843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ftdcs.2004.1316601","title":"The vMatrix: server switching","display_name":"The vMatrix: server switching","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1919004843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ftdcs.2004.1316601","mag":"1919004843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ftdcs.2004.1316601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ftdcs.2004.1316601","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, 2004. FTDCS 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058708588","display_name":"A. Awadallah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Awadallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, USA","Comput. Syst. Lab., Stanford Univ., CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Syst. Lab., Stanford Univ., CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111830942","display_name":"Mendel Rosenblum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Rosenblum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, USA","Comput. Syst. Lab., Stanford Univ., CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Syst. Lab., Stanford Univ., CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058708588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93883059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"370","issue":null,"first_page":"110","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8184100389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.8056886196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6565831899642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.6055099964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-hosting-service","display_name":"Internet hosting service","score":0.5083090662956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4675767719745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.46021831035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3968915343284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35417649149894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3311503827571869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8184100389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.8056886196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6565831899642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.6055099964141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177064316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210425","display_name":"Internet hosting service","level":3,"score":0.5083090662956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4675767719745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.46021831035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3968915343284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35417649149894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3311503827571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ftdcs.2004.1316601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ftdcs.2004.1316601","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 10th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems, 2004. FTDCS 2004.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.2.8259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.8259","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://klamath.stanford.edu/~aaa/vmatrix/vmatrix-ieee-ftdcs2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316785","display_name":"VMware","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168429299","https://openalex.org/W1849962425","https://openalex.org/W2009151629","https://openalex.org/W2089661946","https://openalex.org/W2094224023","https://openalex.org/W2125895608","https://openalex.org/W2131629422","https://openalex.org/W2133213037","https://openalex.org/W2134864026","https://openalex.org/W2157801087","https://openalex.org/W2167874810","https://openalex.org/W3138474231","https://openalex.org/W4246164361","https://openalex.org/W4248486096","https://openalex.org/W4255374438","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603500943","https://openalex.org/W6606788531","https://openalex.org/W6684333561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124171372","https://openalex.org/W2235294519","https://openalex.org/W4248174414","https://openalex.org/W2943837643","https://openalex.org/W2558538437","https://openalex.org/W2612791064","https://openalex.org/W2075174112","https://openalex.org/W2622620488","https://openalex.org/W2893967483","https://openalex.org/W2779209348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today":[0],"most":[1,53],"Internet":[2],"services":[3,25,31,47,208],"are":[4,185],"pre-assigned":[5],"to":[6,41,84,118,147,202,212,246],"servers":[7,20,36],"statically,":[8],"hence":[9],"preventing":[10],"us":[11,83,117,146],"from":[12],"doing":[13],"real-time":[14],"sharing":[15],"of":[16,19,24,35,68,74,88,156,160,218,227,266],"a":[17,38,61,75,92,267,271],"pool":[18],"across":[21,209],"as":[22],"group":[23],"with":[26,178,188],"dynamic":[27],"load.":[28],"Fluidly":[29],"copying":[30],"in":[32,91,197],"and":[33,52,129,175,199,220,237,243,274],"out":[34],"remains":[37],"challenge":[39],"due":[40],"the":[42,69,86,89,106,111,120,125,134,140,149,152,157,161,167,173,179,205,210,228,234],"many":[43],"dependencies":[44,113,142],"that":[45,133,151,183,224],"such":[46,223],"have":[48],"on":[49,66,101],"software,":[50],"hardware,":[51],"importantly,":[54],"people.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper":[58],"we":[59],"present":[60],"novel":[62],"solution,":[63],"which":[64,96],"builds":[65],"top":[67],"classic":[70],"operating":[71,126],"systems":[72],"concept":[73],"virtual":[76,93,206],"machine":[77,90,94,104,122,207],"monitor":[78],"(VMM).":[79],"A":[80],"VMM":[81],"allows":[82],"encapsulate":[85],"state":[87],"file,":[95],"could":[97],"then":[98],"be":[99],"activated":[100],"any":[102],"real":[103,158],"running":[105],"VHM":[107],"software.":[108],"This":[109],"eliminates":[110,139],"software":[112],"problem":[114,143,170],"by":[115,144,171],"allowing":[116,145],"move":[119],"whole":[121],"around":[123],"including":[124],"system,":[127],"libraries,":[128],"third":[130],"party":[131],"modules":[132],"service":[135,153,235],"depends":[136],"on.":[137],"It":[138,164],"hardware":[141,150,159],"mimic":[148],"expects":[154],"regardless":[155],"hosting":[162],"machine.":[163],"also":[165,252],"solves":[166],"people":[168,221],"dependency":[169],"presenting":[172],"developers":[174],"system":[176,229],"administrators":[177],"same":[180],"isolation":[181],"model":[182],"they":[184],"used":[186],"too":[187],"statically":[189],"allocated":[190],"servers.":[191],"We":[192],"describe":[193],"our":[194],"vMatrix":[195],"framework":[196],"detail":[198],"address":[200],"how":[201],"load":[203],"balance":[204],"real-machines":[211],"maximize":[213],"utilization":[214],"efficiency":[215],"(in":[216,264],"terms":[217],"machines":[219],"costs)":[222],"total":[225],"cost":[226,240],"is":[230],"reduced":[231],"without":[232,238],"degrading":[233],"performance":[236],"requiring":[239],"prohibitive":[241],"code":[242],"architectural":[244],"changes":[245],"existing":[247],"legacy":[248],"services.":[249],"Our":[250],"solution":[251],"offers":[253],"additional":[254],"side":[255],"benefits":[256],"like":[257,270],"on-demand":[258],"replication":[259],"for":[260],"absorbing":[261],"flash":[262],"crowds":[263],"case":[265],"newsworthy":[268],"event":[269],"major":[272],"catastrophe)":[273],"faster":[275],"failure":[276],"recovery":[277],"times.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}