{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899498326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2018.8502474","title":"An Inspection System for Multi-Label Polymer Classification","display_name":"An Inspection System for Multi-Label Polymer Classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899498326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2018.8502474","mag":"2899498326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa.2018.8502474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2018.8502474","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085427498","display_name":"Tarek Stiebel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tarek Stiebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision - RWTH Aachen University]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision - RWTH Aachen University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090920197","display_name":"Marcel Bosling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Bosling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Processing and Recycling, RWTH Aachen University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Processing and Recycling, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076801382","display_name":"Aljoscha Steffens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aljoscha Steffens","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision - RWTH Aachen University]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision - RWTH Aachen University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031859279","display_name":"Thomas Pretz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Pretz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Processing and Recycling, RWTH Aachen University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Processing and Recycling, RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064747056","display_name":"Dorit Merhof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorit Merhof","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision - RWTH Aachen University]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision - RWTH Aachen University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085427498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16653992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"623","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7686134576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6905564069747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5911867618560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5838543772697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5285533666610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.504414439201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4803248941898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-waste","display_name":"Plastic waste","score":0.41418182849884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39693763852119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17514973878860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.13003098964691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09804785251617432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7686134576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6905564069747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5911867618560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5838543772697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5285533666610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.504414439201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4803248941898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993109238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202090","display_name":"Plastic waste","level":2,"score":0.41418182849884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39693763852119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17514973878860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.13003098964691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09804785251617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa.2018.8502474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2018.8502474","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:751455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-2018-231367%22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401033","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Piscataway, NJ : IEEE 623-630 (2018). doi:10.1109/ETFA.2018.8502474","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476215468","https://openalex.org/W1547490889","https://openalex.org/W1970525044","https://openalex.org/W1995028663","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2124185516","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2169526348","https://openalex.org/W2508457408","https://openalex.org/W2963366243","https://openalex.org/W2995838229","https://openalex.org/W6684779614","https://openalex.org/W6703797203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2972076240","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W2964843961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Waste":[0],"treatment,":[1],"especially":[2],"treatment":[3],"of":[4,10,19,59,85,105,114,125,135],"plastic":[5,34,106],"waste,":[6],"is":[7,42,79,117,129],"arguably":[8],"one":[9],"the":[11,21,93,103,109,123,133,141],"biggest":[12],"challenges":[13],"that":[14,41],"humanity":[15],"faces":[16],"in":[17,71,102],"context":[18,104],"preserving":[20],"environment":[22],"besides":[23],"global":[24],"warming.":[25],"This":[26,88],"work":[27,89],"presents":[28],"a":[29,38,55,72,97,118],"visual":[30],"inspection":[31],"system":[32],"for":[33,54,92],"classification":[35,39,58,101],"and":[36,47,112],"proposes":[37],"algorithm":[40],"based":[43],"on":[44],"near-infrared":[45],"spectroscopy":[46],"convolutional":[48],"neural":[49],"networks.":[50],"The":[51],"method":[52],"allows":[53],"highly":[56],"accurate":[57],"several":[60],"main":[61],"polymer":[62],"types":[63],"while":[64],"being":[65],"robust":[66],"against":[67],"image":[68],"disturbances":[69],"occurring":[70],"real":[73],"world":[74],"scenario.":[75],"Most":[76],"importantly,":[77],"it":[78,128],"able":[80],"to":[81,99,122],"cope":[82],"with":[83],"layers":[84],"multiple":[86],"materials.":[87],"therefore":[90],"offers":[91],"very":[94],"first":[95],"time":[96],"solution":[98],"multi-material":[100],"recycling.":[107],"Since":[108],"manual":[110],"creation":[111,134],"annotation":[113],"layered":[115],"materials":[116],"cumbersome":[119],"task":[120],"due":[121],"manifold":[124],"possible":[126],"combinations,":[127],"also":[130],"shown":[131],"how":[132],"artificial":[136],"data":[137],"can":[138],"greatly":[139],"facilitate":[140],"ground":[142],"truth":[143],"generation.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
