{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082730925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6945083","title":"Directed neural connectivity changes in robot-assisted gait training: A partial Granger causality analysis","display_name":"Directed neural connectivity changes in robot-assisted gait training: A partial Granger causality analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082730925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6945083","mag":"2082730925","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6945083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6945083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005166103","display_name":"Vahab Youssofzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-5525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vahab Youssofzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","Intelligent Systems Research Centre (ISRC), Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Research Centre (ISRC), Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, BT48 7JL, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086321664","display_name":"Damiano Zanotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-6889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damiano Zanotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108537638","display_name":"Paul Stegall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Stegall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023827533","display_name":"Muhammad Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059817221","display_name":"KongFatt Wong\u2010Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KongFatt Wong-Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","School of Computing, Eng & Intel. Sys"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Eng & Intel. Sys","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066608996","display_name":"Sunil K. Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-1437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil K. Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation and Robotics (ROAR) Lab, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054882631","display_name":"Girijesh Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-9589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girijesh Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","School of Computing, Eng & Intel. Sys"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Engineering, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Eng & Intel. Sys","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005166103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7818,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71046804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"6361","last_page":"6364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.6693001985549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5614911913871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4975591003894806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.49346864223480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4800337553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.47171398997306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.4538782835006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.45327436923980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4386478066444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.42178115248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2638264298439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11317142844200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06289869546890259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.6693001985549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5614911913871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4975591003894806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.49346864223480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4800337553024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.47171398997306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4538782835006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.45327436923980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4386478066444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.42178115248680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2638264298439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11317142844200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06289869546890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6945083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6945083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25571451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Youssofzadeh, V, Zanotto, D, Stegall, P, Naeem, M, Wong-Lin, K, Agrawal, S & Prasad, G 2014, Directed neural connectivity changes in robot-assisted gait training: A partial Granger causality analysis. in Unknown Host Publication. IEEE, pp. 6361-6364, 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1/01/14. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6945083","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","pdf_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/bbb584f7-436b-4252-b81b-c224446a3545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Youssofzadeh, V, Zanotto, D, Stegall, P, Naeem, M, Wong-Lin, K, Agrawal, S & Prasad, G 2014, Directed neural connectivity changes in robot-assisted gait training: A partial Granger causality analysis. in Unknown Host Publication. IEEE, pp. 6361-6364, 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1/01/14. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6945083","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2082730925.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2082730925.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72057304","https://openalex.org/W1982320228","https://openalex.org/W1987133880","https://openalex.org/W1987390005","https://openalex.org/W2012884785","https://openalex.org/W2021337050","https://openalex.org/W2047314945","https://openalex.org/W2051409201","https://openalex.org/W2063013047","https://openalex.org/W2074501647","https://openalex.org/W2101567517","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2114290558","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2131729872","https://openalex.org/W2156282037","https://openalex.org/W2163208146","https://openalex.org/W2178225550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035792466","https://openalex.org/W2977645287","https://openalex.org/W4251418261","https://openalex.org/W1972675643","https://openalex.org/W2911392473","https://openalex.org/W2154758532","https://openalex.org/W2133973503","https://openalex.org/W2471060339","https://openalex.org/W2111603423","https://openalex.org/W2148547327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Now-a-days":[0],"robotic":[1,16],"exoskeletons":[2],"are":[3],"often":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,35,52,96],"help":[7],"in":[8,25,44,134,152,155],"gait":[9,38,81,86],"training":[10,82,137],"of":[11,71,83],"stroke":[12],"patients.":[13],"However,":[14],"such":[15],"systems":[17],"have":[18],"so":[19],"far":[20],"yielded":[21],"only":[22],"mixed":[23],"results":[24],"benefiting":[26],"the":[27,69,107,153,156],"clinical":[28],"population.":[29],"Therefore,":[30],"there":[31],"is":[32],"a":[33,84,109,120,141],"need":[34],"investigate":[36],"how":[37],"learning":[39],"and":[40,47],"de-learning":[41],"get":[42],"characterised":[43],"brain":[45,103,158],"signals":[46],"thus":[48],"determine":[49],"neural":[50,99],"substrate":[51],"focus":[53],"attention":[54],"on,":[55],"possibly,":[56],"through":[57],"an":[58],"appropriate":[59],"brain-computer":[60],"interface":[61],"(BCI).":[62],"To":[63,105],"this":[64,66],"end,":[65],"paper":[67],"reports":[68],"analysis":[70,114],"EEG":[72],"data":[73],"acquired":[74],"from":[75],"six":[76],"healthy":[77],"individuals":[78],"undergoing":[79],"robot-assisted":[80,136],"new":[85],"pattern.":[87],"Time-domain":[88],"partial":[89],"Granger":[90],"causality":[91],"(PGC)":[92],"method":[93],"was":[94,115,132,146],"applied":[95],"estimate":[97],"directed":[98],"connectivity":[100,154],"among":[101],"relevant":[102],"regions.":[104,159],"validate":[106],"results,":[108],"power":[110],"spectral":[111],"density":[112],"(PSD)":[113],"also":[116],"performed.":[117],"Results":[118],"showed":[119],"strong":[121],"causal":[122,142],"interaction":[123],"between":[124],"lateral":[125],"motor":[126],"cortical":[127],"areas.":[128],"A":[129],"frontoparietal":[130],"connection":[131],"found":[133],"all":[135],"sessions.":[138],"Following":[139],"training,":[140],"\"top-down\"":[143],"cognitive":[144],"control":[145],"evidenced,":[147],"which":[148],"may":[149],"indicate":[150],"plasticity":[151],"respective":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T17:19:04.345684","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
