{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2513947336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dictap.2016.7544003","title":"Ontology-based detection of cyber-attacks to SCADA-systems in critical infrastructures","display_name":"Ontology-based detection of cyber-attacks to SCADA-systems in critical infrastructures","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2513947336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dictap.2016.7544003","mag":"2513947336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dictap.2016.7544003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dictap.2016.7544003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Sixth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004874300","display_name":"Daniel Krauss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Krauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Management and Production Control, Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Management and Production Control, Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031230903","display_name":"Christoph S. Thomalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Thomalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Management and Production Control, Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Management and Production Control, Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004874300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81358395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"70","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.8992455005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7636424899101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6970300078392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.6735907793045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.656999409198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4682005047798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4369071125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.4119972884654999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1045798659324646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.8992455005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7636424899101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6970300078392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6735907793045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.656999409198761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4682005047798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4369071125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4119972884654999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1045798659324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dictap.2016.7544003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dictap.2016.7544003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Sixth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/395756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/395756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532648900","https://openalex.org/W2050764671","https://openalex.org/W2077237766","https://openalex.org/W2101125008","https://openalex.org/W2137079713","https://openalex.org/W2138524462","https://openalex.org/W2142141201","https://openalex.org/W2163277533","https://openalex.org/W6683996746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615977515","https://openalex.org/W2115760278","https://openalex.org/W2265199518","https://openalex.org/W2215365983","https://openalex.org/W2995370509","https://openalex.org/W2184855233","https://openalex.org/W2198908836","https://openalex.org/W2060479059","https://openalex.org/W2494895348","https://openalex.org/W4229698505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,135],"integration":[1],"of":[2,35,76,83,113,119,152,165],"networks":[3,16],"within":[4],"an":[5,91,114],"organization":[6],"made":[7],"many":[8],"critical":[9,181],"infrastructures":[10],"(CI)":[11],"and":[12,39,65,74,87,109,150,155,163],"their":[13,36],"underlying":[14],"communication":[15],"that":[17],"were":[18],"rather":[19],"isolated":[20],"in":[21],"the":[22,33,52,77,97,100,117,127,144,161],"past,":[23],"accessible":[24],"from":[25],"outside":[26],"via":[27],"internet.":[28],"CI":[29],"heavily":[30],"rely":[31],"on":[32,180],"security":[34,73,84,153,166,170],"supervisory":[37],"control":[38],"data":[40,120,167],"acquisition":[41],"(SCADA)":[42],"systems.":[43],"As":[44],"attackers":[45],"are":[46,54],"using":[47],"ever":[48],"more":[49],"sophisticated":[50],"technologies":[51],"threats":[53],"always":[55],"increasing.":[56],"Therefore":[57],"it":[58],"is":[59],"important":[60],"to":[61,68],"detect":[62],"attacks":[63,86,131],"quickly":[64],"react":[66],"efficiently":[67],"them,":[69],"thus":[70],"increasing":[71],"reliability,":[72],"resilience":[75],"system.":[78],"To":[79],"specify":[80],"a":[81,139,158],"model":[82,129],"events,":[85,98],"vulnerabilities,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"ontology.":[92],"system":[94,128],"logs":[95],"provide":[96],"which":[99],"intrusion":[101],"detection":[102],"systems":[103],"(IDS)":[104],"may":[105,132],"recognize":[106],"as":[107,157],"suspicious":[108],"could":[110],"be":[111,133,175],"part":[112],"attack.":[115],"With":[116],"help":[118],"bases":[121],"for":[122,147,160],"known":[123],"vulnerabilities":[124],"together":[125,137],"with":[126,138],"ongoing":[130],"identified.":[134],"ontology-framework":[136],"respective":[140],"reasoning":[141],"component":[142],"forms":[143],"common":[145],"ground":[146],"compliance":[148],"monitoring":[149],"correlation":[151],"events":[154],"serves":[156],"basis":[159],"specification":[162],"implementation":[164],"normalization.":[168],"Then":[169],"policies":[171],"(or":[172],"goals)":[173],"can":[174],"refined":[176],"into":[177],"implementable":[178],"configurations":[179],"infrastructure":[182],"network":[183],"devices.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
