{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963542972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2016.7684086","title":"Side channel attacks on STTRAM and low-overhead countermeasures","display_name":"Side channel attacks on STTRAM and low-overhead countermeasures","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963542972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2016.7684086","mag":"2963542972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft.2016.7684086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2016.7684086","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037923731","display_name":"Anirudh Iyengar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anirudh Iyengar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085567454","display_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085042989","display_name":"Nitin Rathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-064X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Rathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034055695","display_name":"Helia Naeimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helia Naeimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corp"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037923731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83206579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"141","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7801928520202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7123910784721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.6075933575630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3989894688129425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3853439688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2950190305709839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7801928520202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7123910784721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.6075933575630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3989894688129425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3853439688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2950190305709839}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft.2016.7684086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2016.7684086","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990719923","https://openalex.org/W1996356878","https://openalex.org/W2010561573","https://openalex.org/W2023213086","https://openalex.org/W2038079748","https://openalex.org/W2094675395","https://openalex.org/W2098577477","https://openalex.org/W2108315364","https://openalex.org/W2155551886","https://openalex.org/W2175377689","https://openalex.org/W2294399496","https://openalex.org/W2626211676","https://openalex.org/W4244308886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357388125","https://openalex.org/W3131321414","https://openalex.org/W3006344745","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W3180573957","https://openalex.org/W2162805750","https://openalex.org/W2043669269","https://openalex.org/W2329175123","https://openalex.org/W1968560271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin-Torque":[0],"Transfer":[1],"RAM":[2],"(STTRAM)":[3],"is":[4,90,156],"a":[5,67,97,179],"promising":[6],"candidate":[7],"for":[8,149,170],"last":[9],"level":[10],"cache":[11,55,87],"due":[12],"to":[13,57,82,128,173],"its":[14],"high":[15,17,27],"density,":[16],"endurance":[18],"and":[19,30,36,52,114,152],"low":[20],"leakage.":[21],"Although":[22],"promising,":[23],"STTRAM":[24],"suffers":[25],"from":[26],"write":[28,31,126,144,165],"latency":[29,35],"current.":[32],"Additionally,":[33],"the":[34,40,43,54,71,75,79,85,120,130,136,140,153,171,175],"current":[37,77,125,145,154,164,182],"depends":[38],"on":[39],"polarity":[41],"of":[42,78,99,108,142],"data":[44,88],"being":[45,91],"written.":[46,94],"These":[47],"factors":[48],"introduce":[49],"security":[50],"vulnerabilities":[51],"expose":[53],"memory":[56,80],"side":[58,109,121],"channel":[59,110,122],"attacks":[60],"(SCA).":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66,96],"SCA":[68],"model":[69],"where":[70],"adversary":[72],"can":[73],"monitor":[74],"supply":[76,181],"array":[81],"partially":[83],"identify":[84],"sensitive":[86],"that":[89,135],"read":[92],"or":[93],"We":[95],"suite":[98],"low-cost":[100],"solutions":[101],"such":[102],"as":[103],"short":[104],"retention":[105],"STTRAM,":[106],"obfuscation":[107],"using":[111,123,178],"1-bit":[112,137],"parity":[113,138],"multi-bit":[115,160],"random":[116,161],"write,":[117],"and,":[118],"neutralizing":[119],"constant":[124],"driver":[127],"mitigate":[129],"attack.":[131],"Our":[132],"analysis":[133],"reveal":[134],"reduces":[139],"number":[141],"distinct":[143],"states":[146],"by":[147,159],"30%":[148],"32-bit":[150],"word":[151,177],"signature":[155],"further":[157],"obfuscated":[158],"writes.":[162],"Constant":[163],"makes":[166],"it":[167],"more":[168],"challenging":[169],"attacker":[172],"extract":[174],"entire":[176],"single":[180],"signature.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}