{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134083628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204304","title":"A case for the average-half-face in 2D and 3D for face recognition","display_name":"A case for the average-half-face in 2D and 3D for face recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134083628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204304","mag":"2134083628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608118","display_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000130950","display_name":"Josh Harguess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josh Harguess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer & Vision Research Center/ Department of ECE, University of Texas, Austin, USA","[Department of ECE, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer & Vision Research Center/ Department of ECE, University of Texas, Austin, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of ECE, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111924253","display_name":"J.K. Aggarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. K. Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer & Vision Research Center/ Department of ECE, University of Texas, Austin, USA","[Department of ECE, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer & Vision Research Center/ Department of ECE, University of Texas, Austin, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of ECE, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000130950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87013764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenface","display_name":"Eigenface","score":0.9606233835220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7769414186477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.730235755443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7256368398666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7032814621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6920473575592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6571627259254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5973817110061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5565375089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.38798582553863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3496357202529907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104906051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29695","display_name":"Eigenface","level":4,"score":0.9606233835220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7769414186477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.730235755443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7256368398666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7032814621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6920473575592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6571627259254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5973817110061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5565375089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.38798582553863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3496357202529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608118","display_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.415.905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.415.905","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cvrc.ece.utexas.edu/Publications/harguess_cvpr09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308138","display_name":"Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board","ror":"https://ror.org/05as1qb59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1592735956","https://openalex.org/W2062946663","https://openalex.org/W2082261210","https://openalex.org/W2116676158","https://openalex.org/W2121323570","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2122239827","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2138780604","https://openalex.org/W2141200867","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2159590705","https://openalex.org/W2161920802","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4233340855","https://openalex.org/W4250428868","https://openalex.org/W6635468390","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6677420809","https://openalex.org/W6680676962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4364362336","https://openalex.org/W2779406006","https://openalex.org/W4220850864","https://openalex.org/W3108145925","https://openalex.org/W3193323772","https://openalex.org/W2323540798","https://openalex.org/W2116423617","https://openalex.org/W2593555881","https://openalex.org/W4324027258","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,41,153,192],"observe":[1],"that":[2,29,44,133,212],"the":[3,51,54,57,60,82,91,102,109,114,123,134,143,150,155,158,161,207,221],"human":[4],"face":[5,18,63,85,92,126,138,163,166,197,204,225],"is":[6,79,94,119,145,217],"inherently":[7],"symmetric":[8],"and":[9,46,71,74,96,100,160,187,239],"we":[10],"would":[11],"like":[12],"to":[13,26,56,69,219],"exploit":[14],"this":[15,230],"symmetry":[16],"in":[17,87,98,213,234,237],"recognition.":[19,40,226],"The":[20,77,116,227],"average-half-face":[21,55,78,118,144,159,222],"has":[22,131],"been":[23],"previously":[24],"shown":[25,132],"do":[27],"just":[28],"for":[30,39,125,206,223],"a":[31,48,202],"set":[32],"of":[33,50,53,59,111,113,136,229],"3D":[34,137,203],"faces":[35],"when":[36],"using":[37,140,149,157,164],"eigenfaces":[38,141],"build":[42],"upon":[43],"work":[45,130],"present":[47],"comparison":[49],"use":[52,58],"original":[61],"full":[62,83,151,162],"with":[64,142,176],"6":[65],"different":[66],"algorithms":[67],"applied":[68],"two-":[70],"three-dimensional":[72],"(2D":[73],"3D)":[75],"databases.":[76],"constructed":[80],"from":[81],"frontal":[84,224],"image":[86,93],"two":[88,103,194],"steps;":[89],"first":[90],"centered":[95],"divided":[97],"half":[99],"then":[101,120],"halves":[104],"are":[105],"averaged":[106],"together":[107],"(reversing":[108],"columns":[110],"one":[112],"halves).":[115],"resulting":[117],"used":[121],"as":[122,199,201],"input":[124],"recognition":[127,139,167],"algorithms.":[128],"Previous":[129],"accuracy":[135],"significantly":[146],"better":[147],"than":[148],"face.":[152],"compare":[154],"results":[156,210],"six":[165],"methods;":[168],"eigenfaces,":[169],"multi-linear":[170],"principal":[171],"components":[172],"analysis":[173,179,185],"(MPCA),":[174],"MPCA":[175],"linear":[177],"discriminant":[178],"(MPCALDA),":[180],"Fisherfaces":[181],"(LDA),":[182],"independent":[183],"component":[184],"(ICA),":[186],"support":[188],"vector":[189],"machines":[190],"(SVM).":[191],"utilize":[193],"well-known":[195],"2D":[196],"database":[198,205],"well":[200],"comparison.":[208],"Our":[209],"show":[211],"most":[214],"cases":[215],"it":[216],"superior":[218],"employ":[220],"consequences":[228],"discovery":[231],"may":[232],"result":[233],"substantial":[235],"savings":[236],"storage":[238],"computation":[240],"time.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}