{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136091964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2003.10047","title":"Automated Posture Analysis for Detecting Learner's Interest Level","display_name":"Automated Posture Analysis for Detecting Learner's Interest Level","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136091964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2003.10047","mag":"2136091964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2003.10047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2003.10047","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051428147","display_name":"Selene Mota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Selene Mota","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Media Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087366916","display_name":"Rosalind W. Picard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-0022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142372","display_name":"Human Media","ror":"https://ror.org/04072nk43","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosalind W. Picard","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Media Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Media Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051428147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I4210142372"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":315,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98110586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7543011903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7216315269470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.679059624671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6196209788322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5699520111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5306773781776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49777939915657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/region-of-interest","display_name":"Region of interest","score":0.4282621145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4273761808872223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3783944845199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11187019944190979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7543011903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7216315269470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.679059624671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6196209788322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5699520111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5306773781776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49777939915657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19609008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138203","display_name":"Region of interest","level":2,"score":0.4282621145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4273761808872223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3783944845199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11187019944190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2003.10047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2003.10047","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1555427174","https://openalex.org/W1644367566","https://openalex.org/W1967460643","https://openalex.org/W1971825121","https://openalex.org/W1972034440","https://openalex.org/W1981367467","https://openalex.org/W1986530137","https://openalex.org/W2015818028","https://openalex.org/W2095478107","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2134699300","https://openalex.org/W2140243734","https://openalex.org/W2152869256","https://openalex.org/W2153288312","https://openalex.org/W2164741953","https://openalex.org/W2167072892","https://openalex.org/W2171359060","https://openalex.org/W2911546748","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6685193409","https://openalex.org/W7074686858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2559776840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,16,22,26,44,52,60,115],"system":[4,126],"for":[5],"recognizing":[6],"naturally":[7],"occurring":[8],"postures":[9,70,84],"and":[10,41,57,74,140],"associated":[11],"affective":[12],"states":[13],"related":[14,113],"to":[15,59,99,109,114],"child's":[17,116],"interest":[18],"level":[19,117],"while":[20],"performing":[21],"learning":[23],"task":[24],"on":[25,38],"computer.":[27],"Postures":[28],"are":[29,49],"gathered":[30],"using":[31,51],"two":[32],"matrices":[33],"of":[34,43,54,79,91,118,131],"pressure":[35],"sensors":[36],"mounted":[37],"the":[39],"seat":[40],"back":[42],"chair.":[45],"Subsequently,":[46],"posture":[47,105,134],"features":[48],"extracted":[50],"mixture":[53],"four":[55],"gaussians,":[56],"input":[58],"3-layer":[61],"feed-forward":[62],"neural":[63,66],"network.":[64],"The":[65,125],"network":[67],"classifies":[68],"nine":[69],"in":[71,107],"real":[72],"time":[73],"achieves":[75],"an":[76,128],"overall":[77,129],"accuracy":[78],"87.6%":[80],"when":[81],"tested":[82],"with":[83,133,142],"coming":[85,136],"from":[86,137],"new":[87],"subjects.":[88,144],"A":[89],"set":[90],"independent":[92],"Hidden":[93],"Markov":[94],"Models":[95],"(HMMs)":[96],"is":[97],"used":[98],"analyze":[100],"temporal":[101],"patterns":[102],"among":[103],"these":[104],"sequences":[106,135],"order":[108],"determine":[110],"three":[111],"categories":[112],"interest,":[119],"as":[120],"rated":[121],"by":[122],"human":[123],"observers.":[124],"reaches":[127],"performance":[130],"82.3%":[132],"known":[138],"subjects":[139],"76.5%":[141],"unknown":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}