{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386065896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00711","title":"Test Time Adaptation with Regularized Loss for Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection","display_name":"Test Time Adaptation with Regularized Loss for Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386065896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00711","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020352214","display_name":"Olga Veksler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-6601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olga Veksler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo,Canada","University of Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020352214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87678768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7360","last_page":"7369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.919897198677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.703739583492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6677767634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6113361716270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5640267133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5401280522346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-test-image","display_name":"Standard test image","score":0.537152111530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.48401662707328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.481711208820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4578683376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4474944770336151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44359853863716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4427409768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37233203649520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.16801276803016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10577401518821716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.919897198677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703739583492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6677767634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6113361716270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5640267133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5401280522346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180462255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3559736","display_name":"Standard test image","level":4,"score":0.537152111530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.48401662707328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.481711208820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4578683376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4474944770336151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44359853863716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4427409768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37233203649520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.16801276803016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10577401518821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00711","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1982075130","https://openalex.org/W2002781701","https://openalex.org/W2039313011","https://openalex.org/W2086791339","https://openalex.org/W2087100776","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2141129816","https://openalex.org/W2146103513","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2148648767","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2293332611","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2740667773","https://openalex.org/W2777511827","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W2963020481","https://openalex.org/W2963136160","https://openalex.org/W2963198662","https://openalex.org/W2963529609","https://openalex.org/W2963687373","https://openalex.org/W2963706010","https://openalex.org/W2963868681","https://openalex.org/W2964352379","https://openalex.org/W2970642899","https://openalex.org/W2972052070","https://openalex.org/W3025800305","https://openalex.org/W3034453930","https://openalex.org/W3048510980","https://openalex.org/W3092486982","https://openalex.org/W3108318504","https://openalex.org/W3113414867","https://openalex.org/W3133417989","https://openalex.org/W3156154235","https://openalex.org/W3177087374","https://openalex.org/W3204446219","https://openalex.org/W3207811774","https://openalex.org/W4214672358","https://openalex.org/W4226372248","https://openalex.org/W4239147634","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6660344663","https://openalex.org/W6674505857","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6697567838","https://openalex.org/W6742421098","https://openalex.org/W6749841200","https://openalex.org/W6760874914","https://openalex.org/W6763464034","https://openalex.org/W6767021658","https://openalex.org/W6786736054","https://openalex.org/W6787438468","https://openalex.org/W6791330061","https://openalex.org/W6810825326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W2791137381","https://openalex.org/W1504988876","https://openalex.org/W2973011565","https://openalex.org/W2921924964","https://openalex.org/W3117821763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,15,29,58,63,110,131],"well":[2],"known":[3],"that":[4,36,59,85,182],"CNNs":[5],"tend":[6],"to":[7,9,19,30,35,43,72,136,152,158,164],"overfit":[8],"the":[10,27,32,44,48,60,93,103,141],"training":[11,124],"data.":[12],"Test-time":[13],"adaptation":[14,57,179],"an":[16,81,154],"extreme":[17],"approach":[18,95,109,184],"deal":[20],"with":[21],"overfitting:":[22],"given":[23,160],"a":[24,74,113,159,171],"test":[25,45,49,161],"image,":[26,162],"aim":[28],"adapt":[31],"trained":[33,156],"model":[34],"image.":[37],"Indeed":[38],"nothing":[39],"can":[40,79,120,149],"be":[41,121,150],"closer":[42],"data":[46],"than":[47],"image":[50],"itself.":[51],"The":[52],"main":[53],"difficulty":[54],"of":[55,105],"test-time":[56,67,97,178],"ground":[61,89,129],"truth":[62,130],"not":[64,87],"available.":[65],"Thus":[66],"adaptation,":[68],"while":[69],"intriguing,":[70],"applies":[71],"only":[73],"few":[75],"scenarios":[76],"where":[77],"one":[78],"design":[80],"effective":[82],"loss":[83,117,134,173],"function":[84,174],"does":[86],"require":[88],"truth.":[90],"We":[91,169],"propose":[92],"first":[94],"for":[96,123,140,177,189],"Salient":[98],"Object":[99],"Detection":[100],"(SOD)":[101],"in":[102],"context":[104],"weak":[106],"supervision.":[107],"Our":[108],"based":[111],"on":[112],"so":[114],"called":[115],"regularized":[116,172],"function,":[118],"which":[119],"used":[122,151],"CNN":[125,157],"when":[126],"pixel":[127],"precise":[128],"unavail-able.":[132],"Regularized":[133],"tends":[135],"have":[137],"lower":[138],"values":[139],"more":[142],"likely":[143],"object":[144],"segments,":[145],"and":[146,180],"thus":[147],"it":[148],"fine-tune":[153],"already":[155],"adapting":[163],"images":[165],"unseen":[166],"during":[167],"training.":[168],"develop":[170],"particularly":[175],"suitable":[176],"show":[181],"our":[183],"significantly":[185],"outperforms":[186],"prior":[187],"work":[188],"weakly":[190],"supervised":[191],"SOD.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
