{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163490908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211359","title":"Probabilistic spatial context models for scene content understanding","display_name":"Probabilistic spatial context models for scene content understanding","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163490908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211359","mag":"2163490908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086991902","display_name":"Amit Singhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-6614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159451","display_name":"Kodak (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rn3ph18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Imaging Products, R&D Eastman Kodak Company, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Imaging Products, R&D Eastman Kodak Company, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055469774","display_name":"Jiebo Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-9729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2609542403","display_name":"Kodak (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrvmn80","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2609542403","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiebo Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Imaging Products, R&D Eastman Kodak Company"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Imaging Products, R&D Eastman Kodak Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2609542403","https://openalex.org/I175669267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113658174","display_name":"Weiyu Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Elec. Engineering And Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Dept. of Elec. Engg. And Compo. Science, Urbana-Champaign"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Elec. Engineering And Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engg. And Compo. Science, Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086991902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98464409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7593345046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7044713497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6829816699028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.6621279120445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.592369556427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5860384702682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5537633299827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.5017533302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45240363478660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4223378300666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4207801818847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36443227529525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1097327470779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10009488463401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.0860716700553894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7593345046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7044713497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6829816699028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.6621279120445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.592369556427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5860384702682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5537633299827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.5017533302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45240363478660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4223378300666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4207801818847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36443227529525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1097327470779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10009488463401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0860716700553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590283725","https://openalex.org/W1980548317","https://openalex.org/W1986087311","https://openalex.org/W2040151045","https://openalex.org/W2058182745","https://openalex.org/W2098485566","https://openalex.org/W2126051390","https://openalex.org/W2134420355","https://openalex.org/W2134789565","https://openalex.org/W2163661041","https://openalex.org/W2166761907","https://openalex.org/W2171851795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140435402","https://openalex.org/W4285276086","https://openalex.org/W2161633202","https://openalex.org/W2039787362","https://openalex.org/W2901621883","https://openalex.org/W1750537857","https://openalex.org/W2989753085","https://openalex.org/W2163490908","https://openalex.org/W3022564861","https://openalex.org/W2394987862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scene":[0],"content":[1],"understanding":[2],"facilitates":[3],"a":[4,45,54,99],"large":[5],"number":[6,78],"of":[7,24,56,71,79,84,92,126],"applications,":[8],"ranging":[9],"from":[10],"content-based":[11],"image":[12],"retrieval":[13],"to":[14,21,48,112,114],"other":[15],"multimedia":[16],"applications.":[17],"Material":[18],"detection":[19,59,103,128],"refers":[20],"the":[22,76,85,110,115,124,134,139],"problem":[23],"identifying":[25],"key":[26],"semantic":[27],"material":[28,58,73,94,102,141],"types":[29],"(such":[30],"as":[31,61,63],"sky,":[32],"grass,":[33],"foliage,":[34],"water,":[35],"and":[36,89],"snow":[37],"in":[38,87],"images).":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"present":[44],"holistic":[46],"approach":[47],"determining":[49],"scene":[50],"content,":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53],"set":[55],"individual":[57,72,140],"algorithms,":[60],"well":[62],"probabilistic":[64,116],"spatial":[65,100,117,135],"context":[66,118,136],"models.":[67,119],"A":[68],"major":[69],"limitation":[70],"detectors":[74,142],"is":[75,129],"significant":[77],"misclassifications":[80],"that":[81,105,123],"occur":[82],"because":[83],"similarities":[86],"color":[88],"texture":[90],"characteristics":[91],"various":[93],"types.":[95],"We":[96],"have":[97],"developed":[98],"context-aware":[101],"system":[104],"reduces":[106],"misclassification":[107],"by":[108,131],"constraining":[109],"beliefs":[111],"conform":[113],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"accuracy":[125],"materials":[127],"improved":[130],"13%":[132],"using":[133],"models":[137],"over":[138],"themselves.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}