{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407783795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets63942.2025.10885699","title":"Synergistic Beamforming in 6G: Dual-Agent Learning for Secure High-Power Transmission in PIRS-Empowered Wireless Systems","display_name":"Synergistic Beamforming in 6G: Dual-Agent Learning for Secure High-Power Transmission in PIRS-Empowered Wireless Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407783795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets63942.2025.10885699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets63942.2025.10885699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets63942.2025.10885699","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworks (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115529794","display_name":"Ammar Summaq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Summaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRM University,Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amaravathi,India,522502"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRM University,Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amaravathi,India,522502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mukkara Prasanna Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukkara Prasanna Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRM University,Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amaravathi,India,522502"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRM University,Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amaravathi,India,522502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091495985","display_name":"Sunil Chinnadurai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-1578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Chinnadurai","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRM University,Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amaravathi,India,522502"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRM University,Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Amaravathi,India,522502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115529794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02260287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1142","last_page":"1147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6690526008605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6494989395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.6396549344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6215662360191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6210312843322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4732052683830261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transmission","display_name":"Power transmission","score":0.4424518048763275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4135340452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3032872676849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07378384470939636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6690526008605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6494989395141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6396549344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6215662360191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6210312843322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4732052683830261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.4424518048763275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4135340452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3032872676849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07378384470939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comsnets63942.2025.10885699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comsnets63942.2025.10885699","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworks (COMSNETS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W4285225593","https://openalex.org/W4287847178","https://openalex.org/W4313591527","https://openalex.org/W4315630200","https://openalex.org/W4388895184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220762383","https://openalex.org/W3162465943","https://openalex.org/W2376837104","https://openalex.org/W2911837866","https://openalex.org/W1975296130","https://openalex.org/W1763902950","https://openalex.org/W2514342349","https://openalex.org/W2961708535","https://openalex.org/W2995563361","https://openalex.org/W4234053496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,185],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,16,102,199],"cooperative":[4],"reinforcement":[5],"learning-based":[6],"framework":[7,31,155],"to":[8,83,110,134],"jointly":[9],"optimize":[10],"active":[11,47],"and":[12,27,50,72,98,126,146,170,193,216],"passive":[13,17,61],"beamforming":[14,48,67],"in":[15,60,175],"Intelligent":[18],"Reflecting":[19],"Surface":[20],"(PIRS)-assisted":[21],"wireless":[22,204],"communication":[23],"system":[24],"for":[25,46,56,68,142,182,202],"green":[26],"secured":[28,158],"communications.":[29],"The":[30,63,92],"employs":[32],"two":[33],"Deep":[34],"Deterministic":[35],"Policy":[36],"Gradient":[37],"(DDPG)":[38],"agents:":[39],"one":[40],"at":[41,53],"the":[42,51,54,77,85,89,95,112,129,136,143,153],"Base":[43],"Station":[44],"(BS)":[45],"control":[49],"other":[52],"PIRS":[55,78],"phase":[57,81],"shift":[58],"adjustments":[59,181],"beamforming.":[62],"BS":[64,164,179],"agent":[65,79],"optimizes":[66],"both":[69,116],"Line-of-Sight":[70],"(LOS)":[71],"Non-Line-of-Sight":[73],"(NLOS)":[74],"paths,":[75],"while":[76],"adjusts":[80],"shifts":[82],"improve":[84],"constructive":[86],"contribution":[87],"of":[88,115,167],"reflected":[90,99],"signals.":[91],"user":[93,145],"assesses":[94],"combined":[96],"direct":[97],"signals,":[100],"using":[101],"secure":[103,137,191],"rate":[104,160,192],"(R<inf":[105],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">sec</inf>)":[107],"based":[108],"reward":[109],"guide":[111],"learning":[113],"process":[114],"agents.":[117],"Through":[118],"channel":[119],"state":[120],"information":[121],"(CSI)":[122],"from":[123],"BS-PIRS,":[124],"PIRS-user,":[125],"BS-user":[127],"links,":[128],"agents":[130],"learn":[131],"coordinated":[132],"actions":[133],"maximize":[135],"rate,":[138],"boosting":[139],"signal":[140,194],"strength":[141],"intended":[144],"reducing":[147],"eavesdropping":[148],"risks.":[149],"Simulations":[150],"reveal":[151],"that":[152,209],"proposed":[154],"achieves":[156],"substantial":[157],"data":[159,212],"efficiency":[161],"gains":[162],"with":[163],"antenna":[165,176],"configurations":[166],"4,":[168],"8,":[169],"16.":[171],"However,":[172],"further":[173],"increases":[174],"count":[177],"require":[178],"power":[180],"optimal":[183],"performance.":[184],"joint":[186],"optimization":[187],"approach":[188],"significantly":[189],"improves":[190],"quality,":[195],"positioning":[196],"it":[197],"as":[198,207],"valuable":[200],"solution":[201],"next-generation":[203],"networks,":[205],"such":[206],"6G,":[208],"demand":[210],"high":[211],"rates,":[213],"enhanced":[214],"security,":[215],"reliable":[217],"connectivity.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
