{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054336811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2014.6816560","title":"Modeling impact of attacks, recovery, and attackability conditions for situational awareness","display_name":"Modeling impact of attacks, recovery, and attackability conditions for situational awareness","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054336811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2014.6816560","mag":"2054336811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cogsima.2014.6816560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2014.6816560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Inter-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002845585","display_name":"Hasan \u00c7am","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-7003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Cam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054753409","display_name":"Pierre Mouallem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Mouallem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018443722","display_name":"Yilin Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-6737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Electrical/Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical/Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006051783","display_name":"Bruno Sinopoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Sinopoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Electrical/Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical/Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090003581","display_name":"Benjamin Nkrumah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Nkrumah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Division, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002845585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89738973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.7628903388977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.7576707601547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6747231483459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-petri-net","display_name":"Stochastic Petri net","score":0.6157523393630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5652429461479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-control-system","display_name":"Distributed control system","score":0.5537659525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4953981637954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4662524461746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.45903778076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.42799991369247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4146483838558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41380375623703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4090239107608795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.37917137145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15910905599594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1519288718700409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14084655046463013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.7628903388977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.7576707601547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6747231483459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197551870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617809","display_name":"Stochastic Petri net","level":3,"score":0.6157523393630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5652429461479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33933514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525443","display_name":"Distributed control system","level":3,"score":0.5537659525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4953981637954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4662524461746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.45903778076171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.42799991369247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4146483838558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41380375623703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4090239107608795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.37917137145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15910905599594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1519288718700409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14084655046463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cogsima.2014.6816560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2014.6816560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Inter-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56570746","https://openalex.org/W67867281","https://openalex.org/W243364245","https://openalex.org/W1543378523","https://openalex.org/W1547358136","https://openalex.org/W1964790993","https://openalex.org/W2018284512","https://openalex.org/W2037470097","https://openalex.org/W2041830596","https://openalex.org/W2087965146","https://openalex.org/W2106741306","https://openalex.org/W2107396783","https://openalex.org/W2112668583","https://openalex.org/W2123990969","https://openalex.org/W2132755931","https://openalex.org/W2149811200","https://openalex.org/W2153741104","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2555431798","https://openalex.org/W6609413134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543378523","https://openalex.org/W2916743419","https://openalex.org/W2381491984","https://openalex.org/W2257573499","https://openalex.org/W1980200158","https://openalex.org/W1513546254","https://openalex.org/W2148229336","https://openalex.org/W2091203523","https://openalex.org/W2125164140","https://openalex.org/W2342925000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"distributed":[1,40,99,124],"cyber":[2,41],"control":[3,42,51,100,125],"system":[4,43],"comprises":[5],"various":[6],"types":[7],"of":[8,23,38,50,88,121],"assets,":[9],"including":[10],"sensors,":[11],"intrusion":[12,73],"detection":[13,74],"systems,":[14],"scanners,":[15],"controllers,":[16],"and":[17,21,35,53,70,85,91,107],"actuators.":[18],"The":[19],"modeling":[20,34],"analysis":[22,37],"these":[24],"components":[25],"usually":[26],"require":[27],"multi-disciplinary":[28],"approaches.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"presents":[32],"a":[33,39],"dynamic":[36],"for":[44],"situational":[45],"awareness":[46],"by":[47],"taking":[48],"advantage":[49],"theory":[52],"time":[54],"Petri":[55,77],"net.":[56],"Linear":[57],"time-invariant":[58],"systems":[59,101],"are":[60,79,103,111],"used":[61,80],"to":[62,81,117],"model":[63,82],"the":[64,83,119],"target":[65],"system,":[66],"attacks,":[67,89],"assets":[68],"influences,":[69],"an":[71],"anomaly-based":[72],"system.":[75,126],"Time":[76],"nets":[78],"impact":[84,120],"timing":[86],"relationships":[87],"vulnerability,":[90],"recovery":[92],"at":[93],"every":[94],"node.":[95],"To":[96],"characterize":[97],"those":[98],"that":[102],"perfectly":[104],"attackable,":[105],"algebraic":[106],"topological":[108],"attackability":[109],"conditions":[110],"derived.":[112],"Numerical":[113],"evaluation":[114],"is":[115],"performed":[116],"determine":[118],"attacks":[122],"on":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
