{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2541983972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2012.6421932","title":"On modeling non-word events in Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition","display_name":"On modeling non-word events in Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2541983972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2012.6421932","mag":"2541983972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coginfocom.2012.6421932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2012.6421932","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061652068","display_name":"Gell\u00e9rt S\u00e1rosi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Sarosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014608650","display_name":"Bal\u00e1zs Tarj\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-3082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Tarjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005658324","display_name":"Andr\u00e1s Balog","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Balog","raw_affiliation_strings":["THINKTech Research Center, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"THINKTech Research Center, Hungary","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031917912","display_name":"T. Mozsolics","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Mozsolics","raw_affiliation_strings":["THINKTech Research Center, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"THINKTech Research Center, Hungary","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020514527","display_name":"P\u00e9ter Mihajlik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7532-9773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Mihajlik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075146981","display_name":"Tibor Fegy\u00f3","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Fegyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University\u00a0of\u00a0Technology\u00a0and\u00a0Economics, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061652068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80978401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"649","last_page":"653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.828919529914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7766866683959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.744051456451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7019040584564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5780839323997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5152759552001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5038298964500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5022432804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.49404075741767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.4529822766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09134113788604736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.828919529914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7766866683959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.744051456451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7019040584564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5780839323997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5152759552001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5038298964500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5022432804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.49404075741767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.4529822766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09134113788604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coginfocom.2012.6421932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2012.6421932","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493254853","https://openalex.org/W1543522032","https://openalex.org/W1832257296","https://openalex.org/W1838628832","https://openalex.org/W1924696779","https://openalex.org/W2021438034","https://openalex.org/W2046932483","https://openalex.org/W2085457662","https://openalex.org/W2121299803","https://openalex.org/W2131981197","https://openalex.org/W2140653524","https://openalex.org/W2147292340","https://openalex.org/W2151305614","https://openalex.org/W2280479257","https://openalex.org/W4246381217","https://openalex.org/W6632726156","https://openalex.org/W6640262792","https://openalex.org/W6694954652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997182898","https://openalex.org/W4245698648","https://openalex.org/W2405257913","https://openalex.org/W3133710586","https://openalex.org/W2125964738","https://openalex.org/W2098529290","https://openalex.org/W2026402306","https://openalex.org/W1980930823","https://openalex.org/W2944691285","https://openalex.org/W2148167314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,63],"the":[4,64,76,93,114,120,128,134],"integration":[5],"of":[6,85,113,133,158],"non-word":[7,61,97,103,135,152],"acoustic":[8],"events":[9,18,62,136],"into":[10],"LVCSR":[11],"(Large":[12],"Vocabulary":[13],"Continuous":[14],"Speech":[15],"Recognition).":[16],"Non-word":[17],"may":[19,118],"have":[20,67],"an":[21],"important":[22],"role":[23],"in":[24,83],"cognitive,":[25],"paraverbal":[26],"infocommunication;":[27],"however,":[28,108],"they":[29],"often":[30],"are":[31],"not":[32],"modeled":[33],"explicitly":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,55,74,92,127],"computational":[37],"difficulties.":[38],"In":[39],"our":[40],"experiments":[41],"a":[42,45,69],"serial":[43],"and":[44],"loopback":[46,142],"WFST":[47],"(Weighted":[48],"Finite":[49],"State":[50],"Transducer)":[51],"architecture":[52,143],"was":[53,81,100],"built":[54],"recognize":[56],"and/or":[57],"print":[58],"out":[59],"certain":[60],"output.":[65],"We":[66],"used":[68],"Hungarian":[70],"Broadcast":[71],"News":[72],"corpus":[73],"evaluate":[75],"results.":[77],"No":[78],"performance":[79],"degradation":[80],"observed":[82],"terms":[84],"normal":[86,129],"word":[87],"recognition":[88,105,159],"accuracy":[89,106],"as":[90,125],"compared":[91,126],"baseline,":[94],"where":[95],"no":[96],"event":[98,104,153],"modeling":[99],"applied.":[101],"The":[102,141],"was,":[107],"lower":[109],"than":[110],"expected.":[111],"One":[112],"most":[115],"likely":[116],"reasons":[117],"be":[119],"less":[121],"consistent":[122],"manual":[123],"transcription":[124],"words.":[130],"Nonetheless,":[131],"some":[132],"were":[137],"mostly":[138],"correctly":[139],"recognized.":[140],"has":[144],"higher":[145],"memory":[146],"requirement,":[147],"but":[148],"gives":[149],"significantly":[150],"better":[151],"accuracies,":[154],"without":[155],"any":[156],"increase":[157],"time.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
