{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296474751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893707","title":"LevDoom: A Benchmark for Generalization on Level Difficulty in Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"LevDoom: A Benchmark for Generalization on Level Difficulty in Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296474751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893707","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026422439","display_name":"Tristan Tomilin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tristan Tomilin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology,The Netherlands","Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084139877","display_name":"Tianhong Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London,United Kingdom","Imperial College London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400497","display_name":"Meng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-9187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology,The Netherlands","Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022601535","display_name":"Mykola Pechenizkiy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4955-0743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mykola Pechenizkiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology,The Netherlands","Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026422439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62854687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9228256940841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.9217486381530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.837031364440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.7926809191703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.766503632068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6807215213775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5220775008201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.4336797595024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09033575654029846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9228256940841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.9217486381530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.837031364440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.7926809191703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.766503632068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6807215213775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5220775008201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.4336797595024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09033575654029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893707","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/8d48a4a4-21c1-48a2-ad39-8c93f9724b9b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/8d48a4a4-21c1-48a2-ad39-8c93f9724b9b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tomilin, T, Dai, T, Fang, M & Pechenizkiy, M 2022, LevDoom : A Benchmark for Generalization on Level Difficulty in Reinforcement Learning. in 2022 IEEE Conference on Games, CoG 2022., 9893707, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 72-79, 2022 IEEE Conference on Games, CoG, Beijing, China, 21/08/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/CoG51982.2022.9893707","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150468603","https://openalex.org/W2342662072","https://openalex.org/W2480004914","https://openalex.org/W2522489477","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2749807327","https://openalex.org/W2761873684","https://openalex.org/W2797527950","https://openalex.org/W2808849637","https://openalex.org/W2892298262","https://openalex.org/W2902907165","https://openalex.org/W2907923173","https://openalex.org/W2909335861","https://openalex.org/W2920362155","https://openalex.org/W2950527027","https://openalex.org/W2963403143","https://openalex.org/W2963696295","https://openalex.org/W2963871073","https://openalex.org/W2963948533","https://openalex.org/W2964836580","https://openalex.org/W2966556569","https://openalex.org/W2970393539","https://openalex.org/W2973515080","https://openalex.org/W2976046470","https://openalex.org/W2981344907","https://openalex.org/W2990747716","https://openalex.org/W2994073215","https://openalex.org/W2994943647","https://openalex.org/W2996037775","https://openalex.org/W3046814132","https://openalex.org/W3047290399","https://openalex.org/W3093820981","https://openalex.org/W3094295512","https://openalex.org/W3094404987","https://openalex.org/W3177828909","https://openalex.org/W3183892796","https://openalex.org/W4287332184","https://openalex.org/W4287752583","https://openalex.org/W4288088025","https://openalex.org/W4293566037","https://openalex.org/W4297789758","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4302969537","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6687086880","https://openalex.org/W6704571135","https://openalex.org/W6721634521","https://openalex.org/W6727252785","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6743756900","https://openalex.org/W6747106673","https://openalex.org/W6750348766","https://openalex.org/W6750629867","https://openalex.org/W6752601656","https://openalex.org/W6756840741","https://openalex.org/W6758315252","https://openalex.org/W6760405395","https://openalex.org/W6767047803","https://openalex.org/W6767810603","https://openalex.org/W6768330893","https://openalex.org/W6768394844","https://openalex.org/W6769596995","https://openalex.org/W6771750343","https://openalex.org/W6772005887","https://openalex.org/W6780225908","https://openalex.org/W6780298656","https://openalex.org/W6780559895","https://openalex.org/W6784550018","https://openalex.org/W6784872122","https://openalex.org/W6798240405","https://openalex.org/W6802442134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131920644","https://openalex.org/W3084863322","https://openalex.org/W3011672202","https://openalex.org/W2093683727","https://openalex.org/W1485630101","https://openalex.org/W3034946435","https://openalex.org/W2950577464","https://openalex.org/W2593649365","https://openalex.org/W4302612983","https://openalex.org/W4310088503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,9,70,86],"recent":[2],"success":[3],"of":[4,12,41,62,83,105],"deep":[5],"reinforcement":[6],"learning":[7],"(RL),":[8],"generalization":[10,94],"ability":[11],"RL":[13,22,47,109],"agents":[14,23],"remains":[15],"an":[16],"open":[17],"problem":[18],"for":[19],"real-world":[20],"applicability.":[21],"trained":[24],"on":[25],"pixels":[26],"may":[27],"completely":[28],"be":[29],"derailed":[30],"from":[31],"achieving":[32],"their":[33],"objectives":[34],"in":[35,85,95,115],"unseen":[36],"situations":[37],"with":[38,80],"different":[39],"levels":[40,82],"visual":[42],"changes.":[43],"However,":[44],"numerous":[45],"existing":[46],"suites":[48],"do":[49],"not":[50],"address":[51],"this":[52,66],"as":[53],"a":[54,73],"primary":[55],"objective":[56],"or":[57],"lack":[58],"consistent":[59],"level":[60,124],"design":[61,125],"increased":[63],"complexity.":[64],"In":[65],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"introduce":[69],"LevDoom":[71],"benchmark,":[72],"suite":[74],"containing":[75],"semi-realistic":[76],"3D":[77],"simulation":[78],"environments":[79],"coherent":[81],"difficulty":[84,123],"renowned":[87],"video":[88],"game":[89],"Doom,":[90],"designed":[91],"to":[92,113,129],"benchmark":[93,102],"vision-based":[96],"RL.":[97],"We":[98,118],"demonstrate":[99],"how":[100,121],"our":[101,122],"reveals":[103],"weaknesses":[104],"some":[106],"popular":[107],"Deep":[108],"algorithms,":[110],"which":[111],"fail":[112],"prevail":[114],"modified":[116],"environments.":[117],"further":[119],"establish":[120],"presents":[126],"increasing":[127],"complexity":[128],"these":[130],"algorithms.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}