{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124168208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321716","title":"FRQI Pairs method for image classification using Quantum Recurrent Neural Network","display_name":"FRQI Pairs method for image classification using Quantum Recurrent Neural Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124168208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321716"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11499","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065043703","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Potempa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-0606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Potempa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093448599","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Kordasz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-9244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Kordasz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123003001","display_name":"Sundas Naqeeb Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundas Naqeeb Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003385670","display_name":"Krzysztof Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-837X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123053604","display_name":"Kamil Wereszczy\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamil Wereszczy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083277191","display_name":"Krzysztof Simi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-606X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Simi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082938626","display_name":"Krzysztof A. Cyran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-4939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof A. Cyran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Faculty of Automation Control, Electronics and Information Technology,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065043703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86105429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"983","last_page":"987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5745000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6693000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5745000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779094486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18811578","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","level":4,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.11499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11499","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.11499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11499","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.11499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136432798","https://openalex.org/W1529944915","https://openalex.org/W1812452748","https://openalex.org/W1975366306","https://openalex.org/W1988369744","https://openalex.org/W2001883788","https://openalex.org/W2046761109","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2141918216","https://openalex.org/W2605314871","https://openalex.org/W2749353276","https://openalex.org/W2765697504","https://openalex.org/W2776582034","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2797105324","https://openalex.org/W2887925010","https://openalex.org/W2896712926","https://openalex.org/W2943027572","https://openalex.org/W2946689398","https://openalex.org/W3004252283","https://openalex.org/W3099272988","https://openalex.org/W3158909818","https://openalex.org/W3192227636","https://openalex.org/W3193569414","https://openalex.org/W3193702845","https://openalex.org/W3197487123","https://openalex.org/W3206424815","https://openalex.org/W3207510357","https://openalex.org/W4200618837","https://openalex.org/W4205440014","https://openalex.org/W4282596355","https://openalex.org/W4289596393","https://openalex.org/W4291711130","https://openalex.org/W4385170715","https://openalex.org/W4389168220"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,123],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,34,60,63,66,69,74,96,121,142],"Flexible":[4],"Representation":[5],"for":[6,22,56,89,117,127],"Quantum":[7,17],"Images":[8],"(FRQI)":[9],"Pairs":[10,71,98],"method,":[11],"a":[12,86,138],"novel":[13],"approach":[14],"that":[15],"leverages":[16],"Recurrent":[18],"Neural":[19],"Networks":[20],"(QRNN)":[21],"image":[23],"classification.":[24],"The":[25],"proposed":[26],"method":[27,72,99],"achieves":[28],"an":[29],"accuracy":[30],"of":[31,39,62,76,130,144],"74.60%":[32],"on":[33],"full":[35],"Modified":[36],"National":[37],"Institute":[38],"Standards":[40],"and":[41,103,114,133],"Technology":[42],"(MNIST)":[43],"handwritten":[44],"digit":[45],"data":[46,55],"set,":[47],"demonstrating":[48,106],"its":[49,107],"effectiveness":[50],"in":[51,120,141],"handling":[52],"quantum":[53,78,91,102,131,145],"encoded":[54],"classification":[57],"tasks.By":[58],"reducing":[59],"size":[61],"QRNN":[64],"by":[65],"exponential":[67],"factor,":[68],"FRQI":[70,97],"highlights":[73],"potential":[75,116],"integrating":[77],"computing":[79],"principles":[80],"with":[81],"neural":[82],"network":[83],"architectures,":[84,136],"offering":[85],"promising":[87],"direction":[88],"advancing":[90],"machine":[92,146],"learning.The":[93],"research":[94,124],"evaluates":[95],"against":[100,110],"existing":[101],"classical":[104],"models,":[105],"competitive":[108],"performance":[109],"other":[111],"state-of-the-art":[112],"approaches":[113],"showing":[115],"future":[118],"advancements":[119],"field.":[122],"opens":[125],"avenues":[126],"further":[128],"exploration":[129],"preprocessing":[132],"hybrid":[134],"model":[135],"marking":[137],"step":[139],"forward":[140],"application":[143],"learning.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-16T23:16:36.188383","created_date":"2026-01-15T00:00:00"}