{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983304391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2014.6996979","title":"Efficient segmentation of sub-words within handwritten arabic words","display_name":"Efficient segmentation of sub-words within handwritten arabic words","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983304391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2014.6996979","mag":"1983304391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit.2014.6996979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2014.6996979","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013797350","display_name":"Faraz Ahmad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-6822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faraz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033623398","display_name":"Ahmed Bouridane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-2772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Bouridane","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041241660","display_name":"Fouad Khelifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-0025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouad Khelifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037167344","display_name":"Rasheed Almotaeryi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasheed Almotaeryi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115591763","display_name":"Sumaya Al-Maadeed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumaya Almaadeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar University, Doha, Ad Dawhah, QA","Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar University, Doha, Ad Dawhah, QA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013797350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67160235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"684","last_page":"689"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.738223671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7003651261329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6936591863632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6852799654006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6709347367286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.5991324186325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5762117505073547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5727185606956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.539045512676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5153400301933289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.41627633571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3724347949028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32805711030960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3278067708015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2013188600540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09396430850028992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.738223671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7003651261329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6936591863632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6852799654006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6709347367286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5991324186325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5762117505073547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5727185606956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.539045512676239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5153400301933289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41627633571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3724347949028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32805711030960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3278067708015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2013188600540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09396430850028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit.2014.6996979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2014.6996979","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/31148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/31148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605372558","https://openalex.org/W1526410915","https://openalex.org/W1551558821","https://openalex.org/W1983890206","https://openalex.org/W2002732940","https://openalex.org/W2002918088","https://openalex.org/W2026927694","https://openalex.org/W2090406194","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2495719754","https://openalex.org/W2503391776","https://openalex.org/W3203633735","https://openalex.org/W4301650748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138983844","https://openalex.org/W1968965685","https://openalex.org/W2012792772","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679","https://openalex.org/W2357424838","https://openalex.org/W2327601824","https://openalex.org/W4237142086","https://openalex.org/W2161102362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Segmentation":[0],"is":[1,51,78,87,108,118,177],"considered":[2],"as":[3],"a":[4,32,84],"core":[5],"step":[6],"for":[7,14,38],"any":[8,18],"recognition":[9],"or":[10,67,157,183],"classification":[11],"method":[12,166,175],"and":[13,34,148,162],"the":[15,39,54,74,93,100,104,113,121,126,131,145,149,155,172],"text":[16,33],"within":[17,73],"document":[19],"to":[20,180],"be":[21,26],"effectively":[22],"recognized":[23],"it":[24],"must":[25],"segmented":[27,161],"accurately.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper":[31],"writer":[35],"independent":[36],"algorithm":[37,136],"segmentation":[40,107],"of":[41,57,69,96,106,154],"sub-words":[42,95,156,182],"in":[43],"Arabic":[44,70],"words":[45,143],"has":[46,167],"been":[47],"presented.":[48],"The":[49,134,164],"concept":[50],"based":[52],"around":[53],"global":[55],"binarization":[56],"an":[58],"image":[59,75],"at":[60,80],"various":[61],"thresholding":[62],"levels.":[63],"When":[64],"each":[65,90],"sub-word":[66],"Part":[68],"Word":[71],"(PAW)":[72],"being":[76],"investigated":[77],"processed":[79,127],"multiple":[81],"threshold":[82],"levels":[83],"cluster":[85,91,115],"graph":[86],"obtained":[88,103],"where":[89],"represents":[92],"individual":[94],"that":[97,152],"word.":[98],"Once":[99],"clusters":[101],"are":[102],"task":[105],"managed":[109],"by":[110,130],"simply":[111],"selecting":[112],"respective":[114],"automatically":[116],"which":[117,176],"achieved":[119],"using":[120],"95%":[122],"confidence":[123],"interval":[124],"on":[125,139],"data":[128],"generated":[129],"accumulated":[132],"graph.":[133],"presented":[135],"was":[137],"tested":[138],"537":[140],"randomly":[141],"selected":[142],"from":[144],"AHTID/MW":[146],"database":[147],"results":[150],"showed":[151],"95.3%":[153],"PAW":[158],"were":[159],"correctly":[160],"extracted.":[163],"proposed":[165],"shown":[168],"considerable":[169],"improvement":[170],"over":[171],"projection":[173],"profile":[174],"commonly":[178],"used":[179],"segment":[181],"PAW.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}