{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394628774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet59005.2023.10490064","title":"Robustness Evaluation of Cloud-Deployed Large Language Models against Chinese Adversarial Text Attacks","display_name":"Robustness Evaluation of Cloud-Deployed Large Language Models against Chinese Adversarial Text Attacks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394628774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet59005.2023.10490064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudnet59005.2023.10490064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet59005.2023.10490064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 12th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669693","display_name":"Yun-Ting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-8065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science,Harbin,China","School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391268","display_name":"Lin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-0271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science,Harbin,China","School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041639945","display_name":"Baisong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baisong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Antiy Labs Antiy,Harbin,China","Antiy Labs Antiy, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Antiy Labs Antiy,Harbin,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Antiy Labs Antiy, Harbin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417312","display_name":"Hongli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-7106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science,Harbin,China","School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100669693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26337271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"438","last_page":"442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8179638385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7991054058074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7709087133407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6979162096977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.356819748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20541465282440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1950570046901703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8179638385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7991054058074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7709087133407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6979162096977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.356819748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20541465282440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1950570046901703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudnet59005.2023.10490064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet59005.2023.10490064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 12th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607662938","https://openalex.org/W2996851481","https://openalex.org/W3018666070","https://openalex.org/W3035000127","https://openalex.org/W3101449015","https://openalex.org/W3104423855","https://openalex.org/W3161905223","https://openalex.org/W3169948074","https://openalex.org/W3171397222","https://openalex.org/W4293363567","https://openalex.org/W6621906925","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6795561157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,25,46,62,78,86,93,114,138,146,151],"evolving":[2],"digital":[3],"realm,":[4],"Large":[5],"Language":[6],"Models":[7],"(LLMs)":[8],"like":[9],"ChatGPT,":[10],"which":[11],"recently":[12],"achieved":[13],"state-of-the-art":[14],"results":[15],"across":[16],"diverse":[17],"NLP":[18],"tasks,":[19],"are":[20,176],"extensively":[21],"used.":[22],"Deployed":[23],"on":[24,92,101,106,145,190],"cloud,":[26],"ChatGPT":[27,65,107,117,157,191],"allows":[28],"interaction":[29],"via":[30,162],"its":[31,39,74],"API,":[32],"providing":[33],"rich":[34],"and":[35,48,53,76,127,156],"high-quality":[36],"solutions.":[37],"However,":[38],"vulnerability":[40],"to":[41,55,178,181],"adversarial":[42,67,98,120,131,159,165],"attacks,":[43,179],"potentially":[44],"compromising":[45],"quality":[47],"reliability":[49],"of":[50,64,73,81,95,116,153],"cloud":[51,87],"services":[52],"leading":[54,180],"information":[56],"leakage,":[57],"raises":[58],"security":[59],"concerns.":[60],"Investigating":[61],"robustness":[63,94,115,152],"against":[66,97,118,158],"attacks":[68,99,122,160],"enables":[69],"a":[70,129],"preliminary":[71],"understanding":[72],"weaknesses":[75],"facilitates":[77],"subsequent":[79],"integration":[80],"targeted":[82],"defensive":[83],"mechanisms":[84],"into":[85],"framework.":[88],"Most":[89],"current":[90],"research":[91],"LLMs":[96],"focuses":[100],"BERT,":[102],"with":[103],"few":[104],"studies":[105],"under":[108],"similar":[109],"conditions.":[110],"This":[111],"paper":[112],"explores":[113],"Chinese":[119,154,164],"text":[121,124,132,166,183],"in":[123],"classification":[125,184],"tasks":[126],"proposes":[128],"ChatGPT-based":[130],"fluency":[133],"evaluation":[134],"method":[135],"that":[136,173],"eliminates":[137],"need":[139],"for":[140],"human":[141],"involvement.":[142],"Experiments":[143],"conducted":[144],"real-world":[147],"dataset,":[148],"THUCNews,":[149],"examined":[150],"BERT":[155],"generated":[161],"various":[163],"generation":[167],"methods.":[168],"A":[169],"multidimensional":[170],"assessment":[171],"revealed":[172],"both":[174],"models":[175],"susceptible":[177],"decreased":[182],"accuracy.":[185],"The":[186],"attack":[187],"success":[188],"rate":[189],"reached":[192],"nearly":[193],"45%.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
