{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124994518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331501","title":"GreenContinuum: A Formal Model of a Smart Grid-Aware Edge-Cloud Continuum for Carbon and Energy Management","display_name":"GreenContinuum: A Formal Model of a Smart Grid-Aware Edge-Cloud Continuum for Carbon and Energy Management","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124994518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 lEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2008464/FULLTEXT03","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052068427","display_name":"Rohail Gulbaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-0314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohail Gulbaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umea University,Department of Computing,Umea,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umea University,Department of Computing,Umea,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123411697","display_name":"Paul Townend","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Townend","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umea University,Department of Computing,Umea,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umea University,Department of Computing,Umea,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068542320","display_name":"Per-Olov \u00d6stberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4113-4788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","display_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kb8h459","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per-Olov Ostberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umea University,Department of Computing,Umea,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umea University,Department of Computing,Umea,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052068427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79979455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.3061999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.3061999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.18529999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.06069999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"Carbon footprint","score":0.6823999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel","display_name":"Massively parallel","score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.302700012922287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.6823999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780974030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16951926","display_name":"Co-simulation","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 lEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-245789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-245789","pdf_url":"https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2008464/FULLTEXT03","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400360","display_name":"DiVA at Ume\u00e5 University (Ume\u00e5 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","host_organization_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-245789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-245789","pdf_url":"https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2008464/FULLTEXT03","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400360","display_name":"DiVA at Ume\u00e5 University (Ume\u00e5 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I90267481","host_organization_name":"Ume\u00e5 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90267481"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6560129523277283,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4417627081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101092711","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G902267392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101092711","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124994518.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124994518.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527710270","https://openalex.org/W2045287414","https://openalex.org/W2735367032","https://openalex.org/W2792189324","https://openalex.org/W2804825009","https://openalex.org/W2910862521","https://openalex.org/W2931168649","https://openalex.org/W2967841934","https://openalex.org/W2971627722","https://openalex.org/W3007855629","https://openalex.org/W3031748142","https://openalex.org/W3049594021","https://openalex.org/W4206114022","https://openalex.org/W4308791329","https://openalex.org/W4319988680","https://openalex.org/W4321392480","https://openalex.org/W4367359536","https://openalex.org/W4386361561","https://openalex.org/W4386798810","https://openalex.org/W4387006394","https://openalex.org/W4387156731","https://openalex.org/W4391094286","https://openalex.org/W4391631514","https://openalex.org/W4393177837","https://openalex.org/W4394598578","https://openalex.org/W4401867659"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Edge-Cloud":[1,113,186],"Continuum":[2,88,187],"is":[3,163],"a":[4,87,100,147,169],"large-scale,":[5],"loosely":[6],"coupled":[7],"system":[8],"consisting":[9],"of":[10,53,71,108,177],"multiple":[11],"stakeholders,":[12],"regions,":[13],"dynamic":[14],"infrastructures,":[15],"and":[16,22,27,40,69,89,111,121,128,135,167,185,190],"conflicting":[17],"objectives.":[18],"With":[19],"surging":[20],"growth":[21],"demand,":[23],"the":[24,66,72,77,106,112,118,175,182],"Continuum's":[25],"energy":[26,127,191],"carbon":[28,63,129,189],"footprint":[29,130],"have":[30],"massively":[31],"increased,":[32],"resulting":[33],"in":[34],"great":[35],"operational":[36],"expense,":[37],"environmental":[38],"impact,":[39],"strain":[41],"on":[42,154],"power":[43,76,136],"grids.":[44],"Methods":[45],"to":[46,82,103,124,145,150,173],"mitigate":[47],"this":[48,159],"face":[49],"significant":[50,195],"challenges:":[51],"Quality":[52],"Service":[54],"(QoS)":[55],"guarantees":[56],"must":[57],"be":[58,151],"balanced":[59],"against":[60],"not":[61],"only":[62],"emissions,":[64],"but":[65],"loadings,":[67],"capacities,":[68],"QoS":[70],"(smart)":[73],"grids":[74],"that":[75,194],"underlying":[78],"infrastructure.":[79],"Integrated":[80],"models":[81,144],"enable":[83,146],"reasoning":[84],"across":[85,105],"both":[86,181],"its":[90],"associated":[91,142],"Smart":[92,109,183],"Grids":[93,110],"are":[94,197],"therefore":[95],"required.":[96],"This":[97],"work":[98],"presents":[99],"formal":[101],"model":[102],"reason":[104],"integration":[107],"Continuum.":[114],"Firstly,":[115],"we":[116],"identify":[117],"components,":[119],"interactions,":[120],"properties":[122],"crucial":[123],"mitigating":[125],"cross-Continuum":[126],"while":[131],"maintaining":[132],"user,":[133],"provider,":[134],"grid":[137],"QoS.":[138],"We":[139,157],"then":[140],"present":[141,158],"mathematical":[143],"model-based":[148],"simulation":[149,160],"developed":[152],"based":[153],"our":[155],"work.":[156],"(all":[161],"code":[162],"available":[164],"for":[165,188],"download)":[166],"use":[168],"simple":[170],"scheduling":[171],"algorithm":[172],"demonstrate":[174],"feasibility":[176],"utilizing":[178],"knowledge":[179],"from":[180],"Grid":[184],"management,":[192],"showing":[193],"savings":[196],"possible.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}
