{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125009216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331479","title":"Risk-Aware DRL-Based Computation Offloading for Edge-Enabled Smart Ports","display_name":"Risk-Aware DRL-Based Computation Offloading for Edge-Enabled Smart Ports","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125009216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331479"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 lEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123387160","display_name":"Hua Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123425359","display_name":"Kai Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035553550","display_name":"Yuanlin Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanlin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025000844","display_name":"Bohai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123387160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6037999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6037999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7228000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoon","display_name":"Typhoon","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unexpected-events","display_name":"Unexpected events","score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.35569998621940613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7228000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181654704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140588","display_name":"Typhoon","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331479","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 lEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8162765502929688,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845441427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZQN-817","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5982314114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020C050R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336651","funder_display_name":"Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336651","display_name":"Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073277754","https://openalex.org/W2766401293","https://openalex.org/W2889735101","https://openalex.org/W2897662902","https://openalex.org/W2962814013","https://openalex.org/W2963060851","https://openalex.org/W3010038222","https://openalex.org/W3014364938","https://openalex.org/W3019721760","https://openalex.org/W3021475808","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3124556566","https://openalex.org/W3174341749","https://openalex.org/W3200600175","https://openalex.org/W3209940515","https://openalex.org/W4362714837","https://openalex.org/W4382119781","https://openalex.org/W4388145672","https://openalex.org/W4393171197","https://openalex.org/W4402039810","https://openalex.org/W4404056771","https://openalex.org/W4411086492","https://openalex.org/W4412171644","https://openalex.org/W4412721420"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"ports":[1,73],"rely":[2],"on":[3,124],"the":[4,18,55,64,94,128,137,158],"low-latency":[5],"and":[6,49,57,107,109,113,119,132,157,166],"high-reliability":[7],"data":[8,126,135],"processing":[9],"capabilities":[10],"of":[11,21,59,66,141,151,160],"mobile":[12],"edge":[13,45],"computing":[14,46],"(MEC)":[15],"to":[16,42],"sustain":[17],"stable":[19],"operation":[20],"core":[22],"tasks":[23],"such":[24,75],"as":[25],"real-time":[26],"terminal":[27],"scheduling.":[28],"However,":[29],"extreme":[30],"events":[31],"like":[32],"typhoons":[33],"trigger":[34],"a":[35,80,89,99],"surge":[36],"in":[37,44,52,70,149],"heterogeneous":[38],"multi-source":[39],"data,":[40],"leading":[41],"im-balances":[43],"resource":[47],"supply":[48],"demand,":[50],"which":[51],"turn":[53],"degrade":[54],"responsiveness":[56],"accuracy":[58],"emergency":[60],"responses.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"challenge":[65],"dynamic":[67,100],"task":[68],"offloading":[69],"MEC-enabled":[71],"smart":[72],"under":[74],"risks,":[76],"this":[77],"paper":[78],"proposes":[79],"Risk-Aware":[81],"Proximal":[82],"Policy":[83],"Optimization":[84],"(RAPPO)":[85],"algorithm.":[86],"RAPPO":[87,145],"integrates":[88],"multi-dimensional":[90],"risk-aware":[91],"mechanism":[92],"into":[93],"traditional":[95],"PPO":[96],"framework,":[97],"incorporates":[98],"reward":[101],"function":[102],"for":[103],"proactive":[104],"risk":[105],"perception":[106],"response,":[108],"enhances":[110],"convergence":[111],"stability":[112],"robustness":[114],"via":[115],"clipped":[116],"target":[117],"restriction":[118],"advantage":[120],"estimation.":[121],"Experiments":[122],"based":[123],"typhoon":[125],"from":[127,136],"China":[129],"Meteorological":[130],"Administration":[131],"port":[133],"throughput":[134],"Fujian":[138],"Provincial":[139],"Department":[140],"Transportation":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"outperforms":[146],"benchmark":[147],"algorithms":[148],"terms":[150],"average":[152],"response":[153],"latency,":[154],"energy":[155],"consumption,":[156],"number":[159],"overdue":[161],"tasks,":[162],"confirming":[163],"its":[164],"effectiveness":[165],"feasibility.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}
