{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963848952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud.2016.0133","title":"The End of Effective Law Enforcement in the Cloud? - To Encrypt, or Not to Encrypt","display_name":"The End of Effective Law Enforcement in the Cloud? - To Encrypt, or Not to Encrypt","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963848952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud.2016.0133","mag":"2963848952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloud.2016.0133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud.2016.0133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8013","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065694280","display_name":"Steven Ryder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284133589","display_name":"European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3q575","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284133589"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Ryder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Europol"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Europol","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284133589"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073189627","display_name":"Nhien\u2010An Le\u2010Khac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhien-An Le-Khac","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College, School of Computer Science, Dublin Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College, School of Computer Science, Dublin Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065694280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284133589"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9808,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94769188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"904","last_page":"907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.7938357591629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7356972694396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6317174434661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.5915292501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5676071047782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5196415185928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4597388207912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.45674389600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.448050320148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.4259146451950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3373516798019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.16214537620544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15342167019844055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7938357591629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7356972694396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6317174434661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5915292501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5676071047782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5196415185928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4597388207912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.45674389600753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.448050320148468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4259146451950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3373516798019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.16214537620544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15342167019844055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloud.2016.0133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloud.2016.0133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ucd.ie:10197/8013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8013","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402280","display_name":"Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","host_organization_name":"University College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Publication"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.ucd.ie:10197/8013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8013","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402280","display_name":"Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","host_organization_name":"University College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Publication"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963848952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963848952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1128340951","https://openalex.org/W2119631914","https://openalex.org/W2181487992","https://openalex.org/W2912863417","https://openalex.org/W2951031066","https://openalex.org/W6764335572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W4205786897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"an":[1,43,66,84,254,268],"exponentially":[2],"increasing":[3,20,86],"usage":[4],"of":[5,13,31,49,69,95,181,229,235],"cloud":[6,72,237],"services,":[7,144],"the":[8,29,38,55,63,77,88,93,109,116,176,182,216,227,236,244,257,274],"need":[9,132],"for":[10,179,259,276],"forensic":[11,78],"investigations":[12,210,266],"virtual":[14],"space":[15],"is":[16,42,127,193,241],"equally":[17,61],"in":[18,111,190,256,267],"constantly":[19],"demand,":[21],"which":[22,126,223,290],"includes":[23],"as":[24,35,37,92,113,115,168],"a":[25,47,105,172,204,221],"very":[26],"first":[27],"approach,":[28],"gaining":[30],"access":[32],"to":[33,83,123,133,136,138,150,171,187,194,219,252,262,278,282],"it":[34,80],"well":[36,114],"data":[39,101],"stored.":[40],"This":[41],"aspect":[44],"that":[45,243],"faces":[46],"number":[48],"challenges,":[50],"stemming":[51],"not":[52,292],"only":[53],"from":[54,104,246],"technical":[56],"difficulties":[57],"and":[58,74,97,100,108,129,140,162,211,213,280,284,287],"peculiarities,":[59],"but":[60,233],"covers":[62,82],"interaction":[64],"with":[65,264],"emerging":[67],"line":[68],"businesses":[70,130],"offering":[71],"storage":[73],"services.":[75],"Beyond":[76],"aspects,":[79],"also":[81,234,272],"ever":[85,117],"amount":[87],"non-forensic":[89],"considerations,":[90],"such":[91,167],"availability":[94],"logs":[96],"archives,":[98],"legal":[99],"protection":[102],"considerations":[103],"global":[106],"perspective":[107],"clashes":[110],"between,":[112],"competing":[118],"interests":[119],"between":[120],"law":[121,147,208,231,260,294],"enforcement":[122,148,209,261,295],"seize":[124],"evidence":[125],"non-physical,":[128],"who":[131],"be":[134,188,250],"able":[135,251],"continue":[137,263,281],"operate":[139],"provide":[141,220],"their":[142,265],"hosted":[143],"even":[145],"if":[146],"seek":[149],"collect":[151],"evidence.":[152],"The":[153,184],"trend":[154,198],"post-Snowden":[155],"has":[156],"been":[157],"unequivocally":[158],"towards":[159,199],"default":[160,200],"encryption,":[161],"driven":[163],"by":[164,175],"market":[165],"leaders":[166],"Apple,":[169],"motivated":[170],"large":[173],"extent":[174,196],"perceived":[177],"demands":[178],"privacy":[180],"consumer.":[183],"central":[185],"question":[186],"explored":[189],"this":[191,197,247],"paper":[192,248],"what":[195],"encryption":[201],"will":[202,214,249],"have":[203,253],"negative":[205],"impact":[206,255],"on":[207],"possibilities,":[212],"at":[215,296],"end":[217],"attempt":[218],"solution,":[222],"takes":[224],"into":[225],"account":[226],"needs":[228],"both":[230],"enforcement,":[232],"service":[238],"providers.":[239],"It":[240],"hoped":[242],"recommendations":[245],"ability":[258,275],"efficient":[269],"manner,":[270],"whilst":[271],"safeguarding":[273],"business":[277],"thrive":[279],"develop":[283],"offer":[285],"new":[286],"innovative":[288],"solutions,":[289],"do":[291],"put":[293],"risk.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}