{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110732995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb48159.2020.9277711","title":"Vaccinating a Population is a Programming Problem","display_name":"Vaccinating a Population is a Programming Problem","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110732995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb48159.2020.9277711","mag":"3110732995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cibcb48159.2020.9277711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb48159.2020.9277711","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101863280","display_name":"James Alexander Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-4317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197191942","display_name":"St. Francis Xavier University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcaxs37","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197191942"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Alexander Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197191942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103015914","display_name":"Michael P. Dub\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","display_name":"Brock University","ror":"https://ror.org/056am2717","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Dube","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037172617","display_name":"Sheridan Houghten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-7910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","display_name":"Brock University","ror":"https://ror.org/056am2717","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheridan Houghten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080870632","display_name":"Daniel Ashlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-7504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ashlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101863280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197191942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.31,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65220866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6264147758483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.5953363180160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49811863899230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.48673442006111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.47314703464508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4636821150779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4570190906524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-maker","display_name":"Decision maker","score":0.4326670169830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4052030146121979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3783133029937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36557477712631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32184037566185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.21587443351745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16113218665122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08778294920921326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6264147758483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5953363180160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49811863899230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.48673442006111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.47314703464508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4636821150779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4570190906524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986080485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision maker","level":2,"score":0.4326670169830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4052030146121979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3783133029937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36557477712631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32184037566185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.21587443351745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16113218665122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08778294920921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cibcb48159.2020.9277711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb48159.2020.9277711","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2073380922","https://openalex.org/W2073627497","https://openalex.org/W2081267180","https://openalex.org/W2089870642","https://openalex.org/W2107262494","https://openalex.org/W2109042184","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2132022337","https://openalex.org/W2148301044","https://openalex.org/W2576210893","https://openalex.org/W2777447242","https://openalex.org/W3005079553","https://openalex.org/W3009566214","https://openalex.org/W3012789146","https://openalex.org/W3015571324","https://openalex.org/W3023242899","https://openalex.org/W3083176779","https://openalex.org/W3100352078","https://openalex.org/W3165656738","https://openalex.org/W6634279960","https://openalex.org/W6676279030","https://openalex.org/W6679191575","https://openalex.org/W6682044371","https://openalex.org/W6774834738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3004105229","https://openalex.org/W1593325739","https://openalex.org/W2023892781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,54],"is":[1,26,55],"important":[2],"to":[3,7,14,47,57,73,107,154],"understand":[4],"how":[5],"best":[6],"apply":[8],"a":[9,15,22,31,49,60,63,83,115,138],"limited":[10],"number":[11,32,116],"of":[12,21,33,117,121,131,137],"vaccines":[13],"population":[16],"such":[17],"that":[18,36,78],"the":[19,92,129,132,135,147,151],"spread":[20],"disease,":[23],"like":[24],"SARS-CoV-2,":[25],"minimized.":[27],"Although":[28],"intuition":[29],"provides":[30],"mitigation":[34,52,76,103,158],"strategies":[35,77,88,96,104,110,123,159],"may":[37],"be":[38],"effective,":[39],"they":[40],"remain":[41],"largely":[42],"untested.A":[43],"system":[44,70,140],"was":[45,71],"developed":[46,90],"test":[48],"given":[50],"disease":[51],"strategy.":[53],"designed":[56],"work":[58],"with":[59,111],"graph":[61,133],"representing":[62],"real":[64],"social":[65],"network.":[66],"A":[67],"Genetic":[68],"Programming":[69],"used":[72],"discover":[74],"novel":[75],"are":[79,97],"easily":[80,98],"interpretable":[81],"by":[82,91],"public":[84],"health":[85],"decision":[86],"maker.Effective":[87],"were":[89,105],"GP":[93],"system.":[94],"The":[95],"explainable":[99],"and":[100,146,160],"intuitive.":[101],"Novel":[102],"compared":[106],"simple":[108],"baseline":[109],"varying":[112],"success":[113],"using":[114],"different":[118],"metrics.":[119],"Many":[120],"these":[122],"proved":[124],"effective":[125],"in":[126],"general,":[127],"however":[128],"topology":[130],"influences":[134],"effectiveness":[136],"strategy.The":[139],"has":[141],"been":[142],"made":[143],"publicly":[144],"available":[145],"authors":[148],"call":[149],"on":[150],"research":[152],"community":[153],"contribute":[155],"their":[156,162],"own":[157],"measure":[161],"efficacy.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}