{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327767753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc51644.2023.10060476","title":"Bluetooth Low Energy with Software-Defined Radio: Proof-of-Concept and Performance Analysis","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy with Software-Defined Radio: Proof-of-Concept and Performance Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327767753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc51644.2023.10060476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc51644.2023.10060476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc51644.2023.10060476","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications &amp; Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/a9546a88-705b-4f0a-850e-7bf9aa88f754","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002129779","display_name":"Andreas Casparsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Casparsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053450153","display_name":"Jonas Ingerslev Christensen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Ingerslev Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps,Aalborg,Denmark","Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090154721","display_name":"Panagiotis Antoniou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Antoniou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","Keysight Technologies Denmark Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keysight Technologies Denmark Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044368297","display_name":"Maxime J\u00e9r\u00f4me Remy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime J\u00e9r\u00f4me Remy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps,Aalborg,Denmark","Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Denmark Research Center Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061754527","display_name":"Israel Leyva\u2010Mayorga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-397X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Leyva-Mayorga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021213332","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n Corrales Madue\u00f1o","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Germ\u00e1n Corrales Madue\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Keysight Technologies Denmark Aps, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keysight Technologies Denmark Aps, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030398523","display_name":"Jimmy Jessen Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-7198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Jessen Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Aalborg,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002129779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72114529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"644","last_page":"647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.8278526067733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.6941713094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6523231863975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.6487671136856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.5157058835029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5148898363113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4319770336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3236030340194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29339441657066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2702127695083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1582830548286438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.8278526067733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.6941713094711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6523231863975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638779","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","level":4,"score":0.6487671136856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.5157058835029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5148898363113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4319770336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3236030340194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29339441657066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2702127695083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1582830548286438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc51644.2023.10060476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc51644.2023.10060476","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications &amp; Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/a9546a88-705b-4f0a-850e-7bf9aa88f754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/a9546a88-705b-4f0a-850e-7bf9aa88f754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Casparsen, A, Christensen, J I, Antoniou, P, Remy, M J, Leyva-Mayorga, I, Madue\u00f1o, G C & Nielsen, J J 2023, Bluetooth Low Energy with Software-Defined Radio : Proof-of-Concept and Performance Analysis. in 2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC)., 10060476, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC, vol. 2023-January, pp. 644-647, 20th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2023, Las Vegas, United States, 08/01/2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51644.2023.10060476","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/a9546a88-705b-4f0a-850e-7bf9aa88f754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/a9546a88-705b-4f0a-850e-7bf9aa88f754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Casparsen, A, Christensen, J I, Antoniou, P, Remy, M J, Leyva-Mayorga, I, Madue\u00f1o, G C & Nielsen, J J 2023, Bluetooth Low Energy with Software-Defined Radio : Proof-of-Concept and Performance Analysis. in 2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC)., 10060476, IEEE Signal Processing Society, Proceedings - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC, vol. 2023-January, pp. 644-647, 20th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2023, Las Vegas, United States, 08/01/2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51644.2023.10060476","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321409","display_name":"Aalborg Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076604688","https://openalex.org/W2886607494","https://openalex.org/W2948729377","https://openalex.org/W2963721358","https://openalex.org/W3086051218","https://openalex.org/W4213453694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026217228","https://openalex.org/W2460679371","https://openalex.org/W1566557084","https://openalex.org/W1981475037","https://openalex.org/W2956056877","https://openalex.org/W2058711580","https://openalex.org/W2911404179","https://openalex.org/W2572635530","https://openalex.org/W2223325499","https://openalex.org/W2328456318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software-Defined":[0],"Radios":[1],"(SDRs)":[2],"enable":[3],"more":[4,184],"flexible":[5],"connectivity":[6],"solutions":[7],"than":[8],"traditional":[9],"systems,":[10],"but":[11],"still":[12],"face":[13],"several":[14],"challenges":[15],"hindering":[16],"their":[17],"widespread":[18],"adoption.":[19],"General-Purpose":[20],"Processor":[21],"(GPP)":[22],"based":[23,66,98,188],"SDRs":[24],"have":[25],"generally":[26],"been":[27],"too":[28],"slow":[29],"for":[30,50,183],"low-latency":[31],"protocols.":[32],"Meanwhile":[33],"Field":[34],"Programmable":[35],"Gate":[36],"Array":[37],"(FPGA)-based":[38],"SDR":[39,89,118,169],"setups":[40],"suffer":[41],"from":[42],"high":[43],"prices":[44],"and":[45,112,130],"a":[46,64,87,95,100,109,123],"steep":[47],"learning":[48],"curve":[49],"developers.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"investigates":[54],"the":[55,81,103,117,135,156,160,167,174,181],"feasibility":[56],"of":[57,84,102,162,177],"implementing":[58],"Bluetooth":[59],"Low":[60],"Energy":[61],"(BLE)":[62],"in":[63,86,134],"GPP":[65],"Peripheral":[67],"Component":[68],"Interconnect":[69],"Express":[70],"(PCIe)":[71],"connected":[72],"SDR.":[73],"In":[74],"particular,":[75],"we":[76,93,114,147],"focus":[77],"on":[78,99],"adhering":[79],"to":[80,121,127,172],"timing":[82],"requirements":[83,176],"BLE":[85,105,189],"practical":[88],"implementation.":[90],"For":[91],"this,":[92],"propose":[94],"multi-threaded":[96],"implementation":[97,170],"subset":[101],"open-source":[104],"library":[106],"BTLE.":[107],"Using":[108],"signal":[110],"generator":[111],"oscilloscope,":[113],"show":[115],"that":[116,150],"is":[119,153,166],"able":[120,171],"achieve":[122],"response":[124],"time":[125,144],"down":[126],"105":[128],"\u03bcs":[129],"can":[131],"accurately":[132],"respond":[133],"required":[136],"<tex>$150\\pm":[137],"2\\":[138],"\\upmu\\mathrm{s}$</tex>":[139],"Inter":[140],"Frame":[141],"Space":[142],"(IFS)":[143],"window.":[145],"Furthermore,":[146],"also":[148],"validate":[149],"channel":[151],"hopping":[152],"supported":[154],"by":[155],"SDR-based":[157],"platform.":[158],"To":[159],"best":[161],"our":[163],"knowledge,":[164],"this":[165],"first":[168],"meet":[173],"IFS":[175],"BLE,":[178],"hereby":[179],"leading":[180],"way":[182],"complete":[185],"fully":[186],"software":[187],"protocol":[190],"stacks.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
