{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412021341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00153","title":"AI-Powered Insulin Pens for Pediatric Diabetes: Advancements in Lipodystrophy Detection and Injection Site Recognition","display_name":"AI-Powered Insulin Pens for Pediatric Diabetes: Advancements in Lipodystrophy Detection and Injection Site Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412021341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118817779","display_name":"Lorenzo Pede","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Pede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024022404","display_name":"Mariangela Martino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-9099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123352","display_name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy42d13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariangela Martino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040115761","display_name":"Maria Elisa Amodeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-0430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123352","display_name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy42d13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Elisa Amodeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014167255","display_name":"Francesca Silvestri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123352","display_name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy42d13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Silvestri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118817780","display_name":"Sebastiano Battista Romano Viglialoro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Battista Romano Viglialoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000891139","display_name":"Daria Maggi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143387","display_name":"Campus Bio Medico University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqbd180","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143387"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daria Maggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026549891","display_name":"Dario Tuccinardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143387","display_name":"Campus Bio Medico University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqbd180","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143387"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Tuccinardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082371656","display_name":"Vincenzo Piemonte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-3938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Piemonte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075228043","display_name":"Silvia Manfrini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143387","display_name":"Campus Bio Medico University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqbd180","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143387"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Manfrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032531176","display_name":"Riccardo Schiaffini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123352","display_name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy42d13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Schiaffini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003216983","display_name":"Paolo Soda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2621-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Soda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042081469","display_name":"Ermanno Cordelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ermanno Cordelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Università del Salento,Department of Experimental Medicine,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Università del Salento,Department of Experimental Medicine,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118817779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28609035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"738","last_page":"743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11623","display_name":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipodystrophy","display_name":"Lipodystrophy","score":0.8922203183174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.5835651755332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"Insulin","score":0.4795634150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.46830642223358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-delivery","display_name":"Insulin delivery","score":0.4530555307865143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38103151321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.27465468645095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.25013333559036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-immunodeficiency-virus","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","score":0.1631748080253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","score":0.15895843505859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","score":0.10885709524154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.09729737043380737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780941825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1538213","display_name":"Lipodystrophy","level":5,"score":0.8922203183174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5835651755332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.4795634150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.46830642223358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994527087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin delivery","level":4,"score":0.4530555307865143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38103151321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27465468645095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.25013333559036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.1631748080253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.15895843505859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.10885709524154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.09729737043380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982984639","https://openalex.org/W2094036800","https://openalex.org/W2281837728","https://openalex.org/W2294412883","https://openalex.org/W2347050147","https://openalex.org/W2471195373","https://openalex.org/W2604493252","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W3010153341","https://openalex.org/W3103212978","https://openalex.org/W3135262141","https://openalex.org/W4285044152","https://openalex.org/W4286210760","https://openalex.org/W4293812232","https://openalex.org/W4311973581","https://openalex.org/W4312179390","https://openalex.org/W4403796987","https://openalex.org/W6603709118","https://openalex.org/W6676479889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1591480440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effective":[0],"management":[1],"of":[2,14,24,84],"pediatric":[3,95],"diabetes":[4],"remains":[5],"a":[6,47,61,88,94,100,106,146],"clinical":[7,89],"challenge,":[8],"particularly":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,52,110],"the":[12,82,85,120],"onset":[13],"lipodystrophy":[15,69],"resulting":[16],"from":[17,119],"repeated":[18],"insulin":[19,35,56,151],"injections":[20],"and":[21,34,58,71,138,158],"inadequate":[22],"rotation":[23],"injection":[25,156],"sites.":[26],"These":[27],"complications":[28],"adversely":[29],"affect":[30],"subcutaneous":[31],"tissue":[32,159],"integrity":[33],"pharmacokinetics,":[36],"ultimately":[37],"compromising":[38],"glycemic":[39],"control.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"introduce":[45],"diPen,":[46],"novel":[48],"smart":[49],"case":[50],"designed":[51],"integrate":[53],"with":[54,60],"commercial":[55],"pens":[57],"equipped":[59],"dual-sensor":[62],"system:":[63],"an":[64,72],"optical":[65],"module":[66],"for":[67,76,149],"non-invasive":[68],"detection":[70,137],"inertial":[73],"measurement":[74],"unit":[75],"monitoring":[77],"injection-site":[78],"rotation.":[79],"To":[80],"evaluate":[81],"feasibility":[83],"proposed":[86],"approach,":[87],"study":[90],"was":[91],"conducted":[92],"involving":[93],"cohort.":[96],"The":[97,130],"system":[98,131],"employs":[99],"personalized":[101],"machine":[102],"learning":[103],"pipeline,":[104],"leveraging":[105],"leave-one-acquisition-out":[107],"validation":[108],"strategy":[109],"replicate":[111],"realworld":[112],"deployment":[113],"scenarios,":[114],"wherein":[115],"newly":[116],"acquired":[117],"data":[118],"same":[121],"subject":[122],"are":[123],"evaluated":[124],"without":[125],"prior":[126],"exposure":[127],"during":[128],"training.":[129],"demonstrated":[132],"promising":[133],"performance":[134],"in":[135],"both":[136],"classification":[139],"tasks,":[140],"suggesting":[141],"that":[142],"di-Pen":[143],"may":[144],"represent":[145],"viable":[147],"tool":[148],"enhancing":[150],"therapy":[152],"through":[153],"personalized,":[154],"data-driven":[155],"guidance":[157],"health":[160],"monitoring.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}