{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412021265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00038","title":"Investigating Transformer-Based GANs for Realistic ECG Time-Series Data Generation","display_name":"Investigating Transformer-Based GANs for Realistic ECG Time-Series Data Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412021265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gabriel B. Moro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel B. Moro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curso de Ci&#x00EA;ncia da Computa&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o, Univ. Federal de Santa Maria,Santa Maria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curso de Ci&#x00EA;ncia da Computa&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o, Univ. Federal de Santa Maria,Santa Maria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070169011","display_name":"Joaquim Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-5014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquim V. C. Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Federal de Santa Maria,Depart. de Computa&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o Aplicada,Santa Maria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Federal de Santa Maria,Depart. de Computa&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o Aplicada,Santa Maria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015845093","display_name":"Isabel Cristina Reinheimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-0893"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel C. Reinheimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Medicina, Pontif&#x00ED;cia Univ. Cat&#x00F3;lica do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Medicina, Pontif&#x00ED;cia Univ. Cat&#x00F3;lica do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057054798","display_name":"Carlos Eduardo Poli\u2010de\u2010Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7333-8884"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Poli-De-Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Medicina, Hospital S&#x00E3;o Lucas, Pontif&#x00ED;cia Univ. Cat&#x00F3;lica do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Medicina, Hospital S&#x00E3;o Lucas, Pontif&#x00ED;cia Univ. Cat&#x00F3;lica do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029891245","display_name":"Lu\u00eds A. L. Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33501960","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria","ror":"https://ror.org/01b78mz79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis A. L. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prog. de P&#x00F3;s-Gradua&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o em Computa&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o, Univ. Federal de Santa Maria,Santa Maria,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prog. de P&#x00F3;s-Gradua&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o em Computa&#x00E7;&#x00E3;o, Univ. Federal de Santa Maria,Santa Maria,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33501960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26538053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.605825662612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5716152787208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5220796465873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.43844446539878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2573798894882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15416058897972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1261356770992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.05447593331336975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.605825662612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5716152787208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5220796465873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.43844446539878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2573798894882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15416058897972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1261356770992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.05447593331336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2904931021","https://openalex.org/W2915257975","https://openalex.org/W2943118732","https://openalex.org/W2967341839","https://openalex.org/W2998460634","https://openalex.org/W3015471667","https://openalex.org/W3033682799","https://openalex.org/W3090025689","https://openalex.org/W3107668265","https://openalex.org/W4206337041","https://openalex.org/W4213397551","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4387457231","https://openalex.org/W4389386858","https://openalex.org/W4400838629","https://openalex.org/W4404799235","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6767782324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"electrocardiogram":[3],"(ECG)":[4],"predictions":[5],"are":[6],"highly":[7],"valuable":[8],"for":[9,18,34,72,96],"advancing":[10],"early":[11],"diagnosis,":[12],"risk":[13],"assessment,":[14],"and":[15,76,109,121,130,139,162,180],"treatment":[16],"planning":[17],"cardiovascular":[19],"diseases.":[20],"For":[21],"developing":[22],"effective":[23],"predictive":[24],"models,":[25],"ECG":[26,61,97,123,146],"synthetic":[27,60,103,122,145,181],"data":[28,85,104,136,182],"generation":[29],"is":[30],"a":[31,176],"promising":[32],"solution":[33],"enhancing":[35],"training":[36,128],"datasets":[37,118],"while":[38,191],"ensuring":[39],"patient":[40],"privacy.":[41],"This":[42],"work":[43],"investigates":[44],"the":[45,54,74,92,100,113,132],"use":[46],"of":[47,94,102,116,134,178],"Transformer-based":[48],"Generative":[49],"Adversarial":[50],"Networks":[51],"(GANs),":[52],"specifically":[53],"TTS-CGAN":[55,65,95],"model,":[56],"to":[57,82,125,152,160,184],"generate":[58],"realistic":[59],"time-series":[62,84],"data.":[63],"The":[64,87],"model":[66,127],"architecture":[67],"relies":[68],"on":[69,175],"Transformer":[70],"encoders":[71],"both":[73,107],"generator":[75],"discriminator,":[77],"incorporating":[78],"state-of-art":[79],"self-attention":[80],"mechanisms":[81],"enhance":[83],"modeling.":[86],"research":[88],"contributions":[89],"include":[90],"(i)":[91],"analysis":[93],"synthesis,":[98],"(ii)":[99],"assessment":[101],"quality":[105],"using":[106,137],"MIMICIV":[108],"MIT-BIH":[110],"datasets,":[111],"(iii)":[112],"key":[114],"introduction":[115],"hybrid":[117],"combining":[119],"real":[120,153,179],"signals":[124,147],"assess":[126],"performance,":[129],"(iv)":[131],"evaluation":[133],"generated":[135],"qualitative":[138],"quantitative":[140],"metrics.":[141],"Experiments":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144,172],"maintain":[148],"statistical":[149],"properties":[150],"similar":[151],"data,":[154],"with":[155],"high":[156],"Cosine":[157],"similarity":[158],"(up":[159,183],"0.99)":[161],"low":[163],"divergence":[164],"(Jensen-Shannon":[165],"distance":[166],"0.2).":[167],"Hybrid":[168],"dataset":[169,193],"experiments":[170],"reveal":[171],"models":[173],"trained":[174],"mix":[177],"60":[185],"%":[186],"synthetic)":[187],"retain":[188],"classification":[189],"performance":[190],"improving":[192],"diversity.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
