{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412021493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00019","title":"Unsupervised Fuzzy C-Means-Based Approach for Automatic Breast Tumor Segmentation in DCE-MRI","display_name":"Unsupervised Fuzzy C-Means-Based Approach for Automatic Breast Tumor Segmentation in DCE-MRI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412021493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102112381","display_name":"Paula Puerta Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1968-5372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paula Puerta Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Electrical Engineering Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Electrical Engineering Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114312959","display_name":"Pablo Garc\u00eda Marcos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7471-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Garc\u00eda Marcos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118817821","display_name":"Sara Fern\u00e1ndez Arias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Fern\u00e1ndez Arias","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005887921","display_name":"Rebeca Oliveira Su\u00e1rez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebeca Oliveira Su\u00e1rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Electrical Engineering Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Electrical Engineering Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074029692","display_name":"Guillermo Lorenzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-190X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo Lorenzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of A Coruña,Department of Mathematics,A Coruña,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of A Coruña,Department of Mathematics,A Coruña,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050535603","display_name":"H\u00e9ctor G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-9091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e9ctor G\u00f3mez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University,West Lafayette,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University,West Lafayette,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077170450","display_name":"C. Camino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133994","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias","ror":"https://ror.org/03v85ar63","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133994","https://openalex.org/I4405258403"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Covadonga del Camino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oviedo Central University Hospital (HUCA),Radiodiagnostic Service,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oviedo Central University Hospital (HUCA),Radiodiagnostic Service,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100599524","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 R. Villar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-9527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 R. Villar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024359186","display_name":"\u00c1ngel R\u00edo-\u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-4990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel Rio-Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Computer Science Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614216","display_name":"V\u00edctor M. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-1882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor M. Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Electrical Engineering Department,Oviedo,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Electrical Engineering Department,Oviedo,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102112381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20805145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9319000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.667870283126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6077052354812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5470439195632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5336006283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-tumor","display_name":"Breast tumor","score":0.4885157346725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4281330108642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39477890729904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.28529319167137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11084768176078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.08815136551856995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.667870283126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6077052354812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5470439195632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5336006283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986637895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953865","display_name":"Breast tumor","level":4,"score":0.4885157346725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4281330108642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39477890729904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.28529319167137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11084768176078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.08815136551856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms65348.2025.00019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3164835483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SV-21-GIJON-1-19,SV-22-GIJON-1-19,SV-22-GIJON-1-22,SV-23-GIJON-1-17,SV-24-GIJON-1-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326478","funder_display_name":"Instituto Universitario de Tecnolog\u00eda Industrial de Asturias"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6591724850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SV-PA-21-AYUD/2021/50994,AYUD/2023/36906/UO-077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313141","funder_display_name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7881392337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2023-146257OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7894418797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-112726RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8953394430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FUO-23-008,FUO-22-450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323823","funder_display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313141","display_name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias","ror":"https://ror.org/05mj4yh71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323823","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326478","display_name":"Instituto Universitario de Tecnolog\u00eda Industrial de Asturias","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582889026","https://openalex.org/W2004031835","https://openalex.org/W2007754818","https://openalex.org/W2081989762","https://openalex.org/W2143944233","https://openalex.org/W2345271585","https://openalex.org/W2572959746","https://openalex.org/W2803760365","https://openalex.org/W2806837609","https://openalex.org/W2949999402","https://openalex.org/W3001565042","https://openalex.org/W4317932949","https://openalex.org/W4322719542","https://openalex.org/W4393935425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4298131179","https://openalex.org/W2113201962","https://openalex.org/W4385583601","https://openalex.org/W4395685956","https://openalex.org/W3159516372","https://openalex.org/W4398146871","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0],"cancer":[1,17,35],"remains":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,25,42,46,51,57,62,71,111,201],"the":[5,13,21,55,60,69,112,165,169,199],"most":[6,14],"prevalent":[7],"and":[8,20,49,81,145,192],"life-threatening":[9],"diseases":[10],"worldwide,":[11],"being":[12],"frequently":[15],"diagnosed":[16],"among":[18],"women":[19],"second":[22],"leading":[23],"cause":[24],"cancer-related":[26],"mortality.":[27],"Precise":[28],"tumor":[29,43,94,208],"segmentation":[30,95,151],"is":[31,66,223],"essential":[32],"for":[33,105,126,205],"breast":[34,207],"assessment,":[36],"as":[37],"it":[38,129],"enables":[39],"accurate":[40,150],"estimation":[41],"size,":[44],"monitoring":[45],"disease":[47],"progression,":[48],"evaluation":[50],"treatment":[52],"effectiveness.":[53],"Despite":[54],"importance":[56],"this":[58,87],"task,":[59],"development":[61],"reliable":[63],"automatic":[64,170],"methods":[65,216],"hindered":[67],"by":[68],"scarcity":[70],"fully":[72],"annotated":[73,221],"datasets,":[74],"which":[75],"makes":[76],"manual":[77,124,174],"labeling":[78],"both":[79],"time-consuming":[80],"subject":[82],"to":[83,148,214],"inter-observer":[84],"variability.":[85],"In":[86],"study,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"an":[91],"unsupervised":[92,202],"3D":[93],"method":[96,120,177],"based":[97],"on":[98],"Fuzzy":[99],"C-Means":[100],"(FCM)":[101],"clustering,":[102],"specifically":[103],"designed":[104],"volumetric":[106,206],"Dynamic":[107],"Contrast-Enhanced":[108],"MRI":[109],"(DCE-MRI)":[110],"breast.":[113],"Unlike":[114],"supervised":[115,215],"deep":[116],"learning":[117],"approaches,":[118],"our":[119,159],"does":[121],"not":[122],"require":[123],"annotations":[125],"training,":[127],"making":[128],"especially":[130],"valuable":[131],"in":[132,217],"scenarios":[133],"with":[134,153],"limited":[135],"labeled":[136],"data.":[137],"The":[138,176],"proposed":[139],"pipeline":[140],"combines":[141],"preprocessing,":[142],"region-of-interest":[143],"extraction,":[144],"FCM-based":[146],"clustering":[147,203],"generate":[149],"masks":[152],"minimal":[154],"human":[155],"intervention.":[156],"We":[157],"evaluated":[158],"approach":[160],"using":[161],"clinical":[162,218],"data":[163,222],"from":[164],"ACRIN-6698":[166],"dataset,":[167],"comparing":[168],"segmentations":[171],"against":[172],"expert":[173],"annotations.":[175],"achieved":[178],"high":[179],"performance":[180],"across":[181],"multiple":[182],"metrics,":[183],"including":[184],"accuracy,":[185],"precision,":[186],"recall,":[187],"specificity,":[188],"Dice-S\u00f8rensen":[189],"coefficient":[190],"(DSC),":[191],"Jaccard":[193],"index":[194],"(IoU).":[195],"These":[196],"results":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"feasibility":[200],"techniques":[204],"segmentation,":[209],"offering":[210],"a":[211],"promising":[212],"alternative":[213],"contexts":[219],"where":[220],"limited.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}