{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029013404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305545","title":"Automatic Detection of Pathological Voices Using GMM-MLLR Approach","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Pathological Voices Using GMM-MLLR Approach","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029013404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305545","mag":"2029013404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmei.2009.5305545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010417454","display_name":"Xiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5262-0557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","Inst. of Acoust., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Acoust., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076180260","display_name":"Jianping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-5296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","Inst. of Acoust., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Acoust., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425112","display_name":"Yonghong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-5770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","Inst. of Acoust., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Acoust., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010417454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.128398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathological","display_name":"Pathological","score":0.7147857546806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.6621307134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5635287761688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5557559132575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4866839051246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice","display_name":"Voice","score":0.4344896674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42943522334098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.418449729681015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3539426922798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33568274974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.13543760776519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1286185085773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06814977526664734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.7147857546806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.6621307134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5635287761688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5557559132575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4866839051246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552089266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494510","display_name":"Voice","level":2,"score":0.4344896674156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42943522334098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.418449729681015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3539426922798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33568274974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.13543760776519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1286185085773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06814977526664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmei.2009.5305545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1245633889","https://openalex.org/W1486632395","https://openalex.org/W1553271421","https://openalex.org/W2119468495","https://openalex.org/W2138041026","https://openalex.org/W2152321560","https://openalex.org/W2162109146","https://openalex.org/W6628066830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036753972","https://openalex.org/W1996861825","https://openalex.org/W2079621619","https://openalex.org/W2046280377","https://openalex.org/W4388535697","https://openalex.org/W2036128733","https://openalex.org/W1976086899","https://openalex.org/W4285526294","https://openalex.org/W2947571721","https://openalex.org/W4307784074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"lifestyles":[1],"have":[2,22,39],"increased":[3],"the":[4,20,44,58,88,91],"risk":[5],"of":[6,10,19,61,70,80,93],"suffering":[7],"some":[8],"kind":[9],"voice":[11],"disorders.":[12],"It":[13,27],"is":[14,28,73,105],"estimated":[15],"that":[16],"nearly":[17],"19%":[18],"population":[21],"suffered":[23],"from":[24],"dysphonic":[25],"voicing.":[26],"very":[29],"important":[30],"to":[31,42,75],"detect":[32,43],"pathological":[33,45,62,82,100],"voices":[34,46,63,83],"automatically.":[35],"Many":[36],"classification":[37],"methods":[38],"been":[40],"used":[41],"automatically":[47],"and":[48,101],"got":[49],"good":[50],"results.":[51],"In":[52,87],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"focus":[56],"on":[57],"automatic":[59],"detection":[60],"using":[64],"GMM-MLLR":[65],"approach.":[66],"MLLR":[67],"Transformation":[68],"matrix":[69],"GMM":[71],"model":[72],"shown":[74],"be":[76],"an":[77],"efficient":[78],"feature":[79],"detecting":[81],"in":[84],"our":[85,94],"experiments.":[86],"evaluation":[89],"task,":[90],"EER":[92],"test":[95],"database":[96],"composed":[97],"by":[98],"141":[99],"17":[102],"normal":[103],"utterance":[104],"8.2%.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
