{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205554124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671898","title":"3D Modeling of Cities for Virtual Environments","display_name":"3D Modeling of Cities for Virtual Environments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205554124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070664884","display_name":"Calvin Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Calvin Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004824424","display_name":"Jaired Collins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaired Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041066881","display_name":"Joshua Fraser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-0447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765851","display_name":"Haoxiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0314-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041735658","display_name":"Shizeng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9940-7032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizeng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028677803","display_name":"Emily Lattanzio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101240087","display_name":"High Point University","ror":"https://ror.org/029qx3s09","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101240087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Lattanzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Point University, High Point, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Point University, High Point, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101240087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029712457","display_name":"Bimal Balakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bimal Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architectural Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architectural Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430356","display_name":"Ye Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-7703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072008189","display_name":"Prasad Calyam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasad Calyam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025286899","display_name":"Kannappan Palaniappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-1380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kannappan Palaniappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070664884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88146977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5587","last_page":"5596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7275809645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6995854377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6802411079406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6301445364952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.5725528597831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5272939205169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.5221831798553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5090172290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.47529423236846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x3d","display_name":"X3D","score":0.4737563729286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.4650975465774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-engine","display_name":"Game engine","score":0.4484007954597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.4270707070827484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.41768503189086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3927761912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vrml","display_name":"VRML","score":0.11189267039299011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7275809645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6995854377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6802411079406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6301445364952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.5725528597831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5272939205169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.5221831798553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5090172290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.47529423236846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49902421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930428","display_name":"X3D","level":4,"score":0.4737563729286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.4650975465774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986528223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193564","display_name":"Game engine","level":2,"score":0.4484007954597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.4270707070827484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.41768503189086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3927761912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75625381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176061","display_name":"VRML","level":3,"score":0.11189267039299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184052483","https://openalex.org/W1569530544","https://openalex.org/W1902042977","https://openalex.org/W1992642990","https://openalex.org/W2008073424","https://openalex.org/W2009780145","https://openalex.org/W2109407716","https://openalex.org/W2119693472","https://openalex.org/W2121535648","https://openalex.org/W2132563333","https://openalex.org/W2152864241","https://openalex.org/W2162380482","https://openalex.org/W2166505185","https://openalex.org/W2171955353","https://openalex.org/W2462010885","https://openalex.org/W2620972937","https://openalex.org/W2802781464","https://openalex.org/W6607523497","https://openalex.org/W6634138237","https://openalex.org/W6652231383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976830477","https://openalex.org/W2767011576","https://openalex.org/W2144978643","https://openalex.org/W2914728742","https://openalex.org/W2789685292","https://openalex.org/W3092333143","https://openalex.org/W2188614332","https://openalex.org/W3082546838","https://openalex.org/W4386432496","https://openalex.org/W1969880785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"and":[1,21,32,61,79,89,102,114,167],"simulation":[2,90],"of":[3,12,69,111,177],"large":[4],"urban":[5,131],"regions":[6,56],"is":[7],"beneficial":[8],"for":[9,25,57,86,108,129,156,164,173],"a":[10,109],"range":[11],"applications":[13],"including":[14,29,37,145],"intelligent":[15],"transportation,":[16],"smart":[17],"cities,":[18],"infrastructure":[19],"planning,":[20,58],"training":[22,60],"artificial":[23],"intelligence":[24],"autonomous":[26],"navigation":[27],"systems":[28],"ground":[30],"vehicles":[31],"aerial":[33],"drones.":[34],"Immersive":[35],"environments":[36,64,113,137,144],"virtual":[38,112,143],"reality":[39,42,45],"(VR),":[40],"augmented":[41],"(AR),":[43],"mixed":[44],"(MR":[46],"or":[47,152],"XR)":[48],"can":[49,139],"be":[50,140],"used":[51],"to":[52],"explore":[53],"city":[54],"scale":[55,132],"design,":[59],"operations.":[62],"Virtual":[63],"are":[65,162],"in":[66,74,142],"the":[67,117,146,153,175,178],"midst":[68],"rapid":[70],"change":[71],"as":[72,119],"innovations":[73],"display":[75,151],"technologies,":[76],"graphics":[77],"processors":[78],"game":[80],"engine":[81,95],"software":[82,96],"present":[83],"new":[84],"opportunities":[85],"incorporating":[87],"modeling":[88],"into":[91,171],"engineering":[92],"workflows.":[93],"Game":[94],"like":[97],"Unity":[98,172],"with":[99],"photorealistic":[100],"rendering":[101],"realistic":[103],"physics":[104],"have":[105],"plug-in":[106],"support":[107],"variety":[110],"typically":[115],"model":[116],"scene":[118],"meshes.":[120],"In":[121],"this":[122],"paper,":[123],"we":[124],"develop":[125],"an":[126],"end-to-end":[127],"workflow":[128],"creating":[130],"real":[133],"world":[134],"accurate":[135],"synthetic":[136],"that":[138],"visualized":[141],"Microsoft":[147],"HoloLens":[148],"head":[149],"mounted":[150],"CAVE":[154],"VR":[155],"multi-user":[157],"interaction.":[158],"Four":[159],"meshing":[160],"algorithms":[161],"evaluated":[163],"representation":[165],"accuracy":[166],"city-scale":[168],"meshes":[169],"imported":[170],"assessing":[174],"quality":[176],"immersive":[179],"experience.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
