{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206432094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671437","title":"Android Malware Identification and Polymorphic Evolution Via Graph Representation Learning","display_name":"Android Malware Identification and Polymorphic Evolution Via Graph Representation Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206432094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003327340","display_name":"Miguel Quebrado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Quebrado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science dept., Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science dept., Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009094578","display_name":"Edoardo Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science dept., Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science dept., Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053225136","display_name":"Alfredo Cuzzocrea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-6415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Cuzzocrea","raw_affiliation_strings":["iDEA Lab, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iDEA Lab, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003327340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58479139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5441","last_page":"5449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7520337104797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7409645915031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5587610602378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.5428817272186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5043028593063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.48182645440101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow-graph","display_name":"Control flow graph","score":0.4626411497592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45421302318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4379277229309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3749815821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37088894844055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11855080723762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10436761379241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08190035820007324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7520337104797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7409645915031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5587610602378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.5428817272186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5043028593063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.48182645440101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27458966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187693","display_name":"Control flow graph","level":2,"score":0.4626411497592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45421302318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4379277229309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3749815821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37088894844055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11855080723762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10436761379241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08190035820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.boisestate.edu:cs_facpubs-1320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/cs_facpubs/313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196366","display_name":"Scholar Works  (Boise State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","host_organization_name":"Boise State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333147","display_name":"Higher Education Research Council","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32108987","https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W642715168","https://openalex.org/W1492230849","https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2012132268","https://openalex.org/W2046589863","https://openalex.org/W2092942461","https://openalex.org/W2099438806","https://openalex.org/W2108718322","https://openalex.org/W2115799663","https://openalex.org/W2119168155","https://openalex.org/W2125736156","https://openalex.org/W2164281374","https://openalex.org/W2313513770","https://openalex.org/W2625739732","https://openalex.org/W2752595148","https://openalex.org/W2775486083","https://openalex.org/W2788864200","https://openalex.org/W2808896182","https://openalex.org/W2898205548","https://openalex.org/W2898213711","https://openalex.org/W2899886700","https://openalex.org/W2905236149","https://openalex.org/W2910330388","https://openalex.org/W2943318043","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2962802821","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2969659874","https://openalex.org/W2977707586","https://openalex.org/W2979443898","https://openalex.org/W2981151517","https://openalex.org/W3009924839","https://openalex.org/W3011415199","https://openalex.org/W3030325635","https://openalex.org/W3093943311","https://openalex.org/W3094504436","https://openalex.org/W3100078588","https://openalex.org/W3104261605","https://openalex.org/W3105657048","https://openalex.org/W3127455599","https://openalex.org/W3127478377","https://openalex.org/W3137717089","https://openalex.org/W3160144061","https://openalex.org/W3208928702","https://openalex.org/W4286858940","https://openalex.org/W4399522541","https://openalex.org/W6603460400","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6748641434","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6755821303","https://openalex.org/W6762174034","https://openalex.org/W6768685031","https://openalex.org/W6776488958","https://openalex.org/W6786140833","https://openalex.org/W6790828042","https://openalex.org/W6802863663","https://openalex.org/W6803412108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620652965","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2728713145","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2131332603","https://openalex.org/W2072617132","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developing":[0],"techniques":[1],"to":[2,15,33,37,44,105,165,171,195],"identify":[3],"malware":[4,11,167,182,207],"is":[5,21,94,108,144,163],"critical.":[6],"The":[7],"polymorphic":[8,39,168,208],"nature":[9],"of":[10,176],"makes":[12],"it":[13],"difficult":[14],"detect,":[16],"especially":[17],"if":[18],"the":[19,66,149,174,177,181,186,196],"detection":[20],"done":[22],"with":[23,91,131],"Hash-based":[24],"based":[25],"techniques.":[26,41],"Image-based":[27],"binary":[28,121,130,197],"representations":[29,122,170],"have":[30],"been":[31],"shown":[32],"be":[34],"more":[35,146],"robust":[36],"popular":[38],"obfuscation":[40],"In":[42],"contrast":[43],"image-based":[45,150],"techniques,":[46],"in":[47],"this":[48,103,141,153],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,69,101],"employed":[51],"a":[52,71,74,95,109,124,156],"graph-based":[53,118,142],"technique":[54],"that":[55,86,114,140,179,202],"extracts":[56],"control":[57],"flow":[58],"graphs":[59],"from":[60],"Android":[61,119,128],"APK":[62,120,129],"binary.":[63],"To":[64],"process":[65],"resulting":[67],"graph,":[68],"use":[70,172],"procedure":[72,104,143,157,204],"combining":[73],"new":[75],"graph":[76,88],"representation":[77],"learning":[78,98],"method,":[79],"called":[80],"Inferential":[81,161],"SIR-GN":[82,162],"for":[83,123],"Graph":[84],"representation,":[85],"preserves":[87],"structural":[89],"similarities,":[90],"XGboost,":[92],"which":[93,107],"standard":[96],"machine":[97],"model.":[99],"Then,":[100],"apply":[102],"MALNET,":[106],"publicly":[110],"available":[111],"cybersecurity":[112],"database":[113],"provides":[115,155],"image":[116],"and":[117,134,188],"total":[125],"1,262,024":[126],"million":[127],"47":[132],"types":[133],"696":[135],"families.":[136],"Experimental":[137],"results":[138],"show":[139],"even":[145],"accurate":[147],"than":[148],"approach.":[151],"Moreover,":[152],"paper":[154],"that,":[158],"by":[159],"leveraging":[160],"able":[164],"create":[166],"evolution":[169],"during":[173],"train":[175,187],"XGboost":[178],"strengthens":[180],"classification":[183],"tasks":[184],"when":[185],"test":[189],"datasets":[190],"are":[191],"split":[192],"temporally":[193],"according":[194],"creation":[198],"date.":[199],"This":[200],"means":[201],"our":[203],"can":[205],"predict":[206],"evolution.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
