{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126534188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327","title":"Contact Tracing Apps for COVID-19: Access Permission and User Adoption","display_name":"Contact Tracing Apps for COVID-19: Access Permission and User Adoption","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126534188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327","mag":"3126534188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 7th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104230375","display_name":"Amal Awadalla Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amal Awadalla Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051869440","display_name":"Asma Hamid ElFadl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-820X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Hamid ElFadl","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015923301","display_name":"Maha Fawzy Abujazar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha Fawzy Abujazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056435145","display_name":"Sarah Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-9743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103070560","display_name":"Alaa Abd\u2010Alrazaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-4626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaa Abd-Alrazaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081437624","display_name":"Zubair Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-3274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053691175","display_name":"Samir Brahim Belhaouari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-0490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Brahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Belhaouari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belhaouari","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057926319","display_name":"Mowafa Househ","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mowafa Househ","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073854686","display_name":"Tanvir Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-3693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanvir Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104230375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2782,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70215609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.9826793074607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-tracing","display_name":"Contact tracing","score":0.9193587303161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6682748794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6475009322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5789278745651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.5716753005981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.4891977310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traitor-tracing","display_name":"Traitor tracing","score":0.4711025357246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40366098284721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4033035933971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.13336172699928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06965193152427673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.9826793074607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113162765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128437","display_name":"Contact tracing","level":5,"score":0.9193587303161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6682748794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6475009322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5789278745651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5716753005981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.4891977310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781411299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833043","display_name":"Traitor tracing","level":4,"score":0.4711025357246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40366098284721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4033035933971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.13336172699928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06965193152427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 7th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.04844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04844","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3126534188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04844.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.04844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.04844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.04844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04844","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126534188.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3126534188.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057646404","https://openalex.org/W2838975583","https://openalex.org/W3005995896","https://openalex.org/W3008443627","https://openalex.org/W3013489453","https://openalex.org/W3013660050","https://openalex.org/W3024405688","https://openalex.org/W3032897060","https://openalex.org/W3036422000","https://openalex.org/W3037163353","https://openalex.org/W3088922179","https://openalex.org/W3093081422","https://openalex.org/W3109469064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3129645818","https://openalex.org/W25654515","https://openalex.org/W2860371302","https://openalex.org/W2797848837","https://openalex.org/W2626525432","https://openalex.org/W2086648145","https://openalex.org/W2996794369","https://openalex.org/W2481837259","https://openalex.org/W2967690785","https://openalex.org/W2057247128","https://openalex.org/W2995812021","https://openalex.org/W2798069878","https://openalex.org/W3000190870","https://openalex.org/W163381563","https://openalex.org/W2837349850","https://openalex.org/W1528743940","https://openalex.org/W3183619015","https://openalex.org/W2537720903","https://openalex.org/W2884525360","https://openalex.org/W3080195219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contact":[0],"tracing":[1,24,73,126,135],"apps":[2,25,74,127,136],"are":[3],"powerful":[4],"software":[5],"tools":[6],"that":[7,71,100,132],"can":[8],"help":[9],"to":[10,58,91,107,147],"control":[11],"the":[12,28,48,112,120,149],"spread":[13],"of":[14,34,50,53,65,82,114,124],"COVID-19.":[15,129],"In":[16],"this":[17,117],"article,":[18],"we":[19,46],"evaluated":[20],"53":[21],"COVID-19":[22],"contact":[23,72,125,134],"found":[26],"on":[27],"Google":[29],"Play":[30],"Store":[31],"in":[32,140],"terms":[33],"their":[35],"usage,":[36],"rating,":[37],"access":[38,56,87,90,108],"permission,":[39],"and":[40,55,63,79,95,143],"user":[41,101],"privacy.":[42,152],"For":[43],"each":[44],"app":[45,150],"identified":[47],"country":[49],"origin,":[51],"number":[52],"downloads,":[54],"permissions":[57],"further":[59],"understand":[60],"other":[61],"attributes":[62],"ratings":[64,78],"these":[66],"apps.":[67],"Our":[68],"results":[69],"showed":[70],"had":[75],"low":[76],"overall":[77],"nearly":[80],"40%":[81],"them":[83],"were":[84,104],"requesting":[85],"\u201cdangerous":[86],"permission\u201d":[88],"including":[89],"storage,":[92],"media":[93],"files,":[94],"camera":[96],"permissions.":[97],"We":[98,130],"discovered":[99],"adoption":[102],"rates":[103],"inversely":[105],"correlated":[106],"permission":[109,141,145],"requirements.":[110],"To":[111],"best":[113],"our":[115],"knowledge,":[116],"article":[118],"summarizes":[119],"most":[121],"extensive":[122],"collection":[123],"for":[128],"recommend":[131],"future":[133],"be":[137],"more":[138],"transparent":[139],"requirements":[142],"justify":[144],"requests":[146],"preserve":[148],"users'":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
