{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045633041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430098","title":"Generalized linear interpolation of language models","display_name":"Generalized linear interpolation of language models","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045633041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430098","mag":"2045633041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081017604","display_name":"Bo-June Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo-June (Paul) Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Cambridge#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Cambridge#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081017604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94876257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"136","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.716557502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-interpolation","display_name":"Linear interpolation","score":0.7157277464866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.7090069055557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6825613379478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5191823244094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5088348984718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5023972988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5017588138580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.48749613761901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45441046357154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44738414883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.4421554207801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.43273890018463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36264556646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3507798910140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.303768128156662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24067997932434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.09619107842445374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.716557502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171836373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2266329","display_name":"Linear interpolation","level":3,"score":0.7157277464866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.7090069055557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6825613379478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5191823244094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5088348984718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5023972988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5017588138580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.48749613761901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45441046357154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44738414883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.4421554207801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.43273890018463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36264556646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3507798910140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.303768128156662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24067997932434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.09619107842445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/asru.2007.4430098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2007.4430098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition &amp; Understanding (ASRU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.154.6201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.154.6201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sls.csail.mit.edu/sls/publications/2007/Hsu_ASRU.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85707815","https://openalex.org/W98731357","https://openalex.org/W249480477","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1597533204","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1932968309","https://openalex.org/W1996903695","https://openalex.org/W2069699492","https://openalex.org/W2094971681","https://openalex.org/W2111732304","https://openalex.org/W2113641473","https://openalex.org/W2127602683","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2169384404","https://openalex.org/W2341283081","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6604042305","https://openalex.org/W6635726886","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6674504384","https://openalex.org/W6684930139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566315437","https://openalex.org/W4221142855","https://openalex.org/W2594897229","https://openalex.org/W2151348424","https://openalex.org/W2050138804","https://openalex.org/W767271433","https://openalex.org/W4290708361","https://openalex.org/W2129812225","https://openalex.org/W2523799048","https://openalex.org/W2155620340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,24,27,34,40],"prevalent":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,26,51],"model":[5],"combination":[6],"techniques":[7],"to":[8,70],"improve":[9],"speech":[10],"recognition":[11,76],"performance":[12],"on":[13,23,63],"domains":[14],"with":[15],"limited":[16],"data,":[17],"little":[18],"prior":[19],"research":[20],"has":[21,38],"focused":[22],"choice":[25],"actual":[28],"interpolationmodel.":[29],"For":[30],"merging":[31],"language":[32],"models,":[33],"most":[35],"popular":[36],"approach":[37],"been":[39],"simple":[41],"linear":[42,52],"interpolation.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"work,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"a":[49,64,71],"generalization":[50],"interpolation":[53],"that":[54],"computes":[55],"context-dependent":[56],"mixture":[57],"weights":[58],"from":[59],"arbitrary":[60],"features.":[61],"Results":[62],"lecture":[65],"transcription":[66],"task":[67],"yield":[68],"up":[69],"1.0%":[72],"absolute":[73],"improvement":[74],"in":[75],"word":[77],"error":[78],"rate":[79],"(WER).":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
