{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052091470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ares.2010.37","title":"Extending the Gordon and Loeb Model for Information Security Investment","display_name":"Extending the Gordon and Loeb Model for Information Security Investment","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052091470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ares.2010.37","mag":"2052091470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ares.2010.37","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ares.2010.37","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063334840","display_name":"Jan Willemson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-2099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160054","display_name":"Cybernetica (Estonia)","ror":"https://ror.org/054gqc795","country_code":"EE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160054"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Willemson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybernetica Limited, Tartu, Estonia","[Cybernetica, Tartu, Estonia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybernetica Limited, Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160054"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Cybernetica, Tartu, Estonia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160054"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063334840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160054"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91240599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"258","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.832980751991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.7362909913063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.6585230231285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.6157983541488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4764021933078766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.4662759602069855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3140339255332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30730706453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.150221049785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10622569918632507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09205365180969238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.832980751991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.7362909913063049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6585230231285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6157983541488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4764021933078766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4662759602069855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3140339255332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30730706453323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.150221049785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10622569918632507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09205365180969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ares.2010.37","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ares.2010.37","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164190891","https://openalex.org/W2056075452","https://openalex.org/W2062460331","https://openalex.org/W2107966619","https://openalex.org/W2123347687","https://openalex.org/W2160372331","https://openalex.org/W6606753458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077314575","https://openalex.org/W4315701745","https://openalex.org/W1990290471","https://openalex.org/W4380682190","https://openalex.org/W2005710836","https://openalex.org/W2102386043","https://openalex.org/W2945307361","https://openalex.org/W2096782225","https://openalex.org/W2102099143","https://openalex.org/W2110620629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"study":[4],"the":[5,18,31,45,59,64],"information":[6],"security":[7],"investment":[8],"model":[9,20],"proposed":[10],"by":[11],"Gordon":[12],"and":[13,42,61],"Loeb.":[14],"We":[15,48],"argue":[16],"that":[17],"original":[19,39],"is":[21],"missing":[22],"at":[23],"least":[24],"one":[25],"important":[26],"restriction":[27],"concerning":[28],"monotonicity":[29],"of":[30,38,53],"remaining":[32,54],"vulnerability":[33,40,55],"viewed":[34],"as":[35],"a":[36,50],"function":[37,68],"level,":[41],"propose":[43],"adding":[44],"respective":[46],"condition.":[47],"present":[49],"new":[51],"family":[52],"functions":[56],"satisfying":[57],"all":[58,63],"conditions":[60],"generalizing":[62],"currently":[65],"known":[66],"example":[67],"families.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}