{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136975337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240831","title":"Illumination modeling and normalization for face recognition","display_name":"Illumination modeling and normalization for face recognition","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136975337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240831","mag":"2136975337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/amfg.2003.1240831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457223","display_name":"Haitao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-8753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019220733","display_name":"Shunliang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Sigma Center, Microsoft Research, Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Sigma Center, Microsoft Research, Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026702549","display_name":"Yangsheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003289067","display_name":"Weiwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100457223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9354231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"104","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7747011184692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7666558623313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7265457510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6582212448120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.617356538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5744117498397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.535380482673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.46144312620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3091893196105957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7747011184692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7666558623313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7265457510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6582212448120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.617356538772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5744117498397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.535380482673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.46144312620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3091893196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/amfg.2003.1240831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amfg.2003.1240831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE International SOI Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37443)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.128.8358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.128.8358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/users/szli/papers/facelighting.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548322265","https://openalex.org/W1595501465","https://openalex.org/W1969306251","https://openalex.org/W2063718733","https://openalex.org/W2066085919","https://openalex.org/W2097014337","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2102760078","https://openalex.org/W2105649179","https://openalex.org/W2114017732","https://openalex.org/W2120420721","https://openalex.org/W2122585444","https://openalex.org/W2122883383","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2134061380","https://openalex.org/W2134875082","https://openalex.org/W2137605383","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2143915994","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2148673968","https://openalex.org/W2148786365","https://openalex.org/W2153690423","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2157500953","https://openalex.org/W2158054470","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2165916500","https://openalex.org/W2167375103","https://openalex.org/W2168068730","https://openalex.org/W2170464076","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W2416806906","https://openalex.org/W2512550380","https://openalex.org/W6683239926","https://openalex.org/W6688992846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W200201533","https://openalex.org/W4171918","https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W2151699605","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1,94],"a":[2,16,45,70,81,95],"general":[3],"framework":[4],"for":[5],"face":[6,17,29,39,74,82,90,96,107,113],"modeling":[7],"under":[8],"varying":[9],"lighting":[10,18,36,104],"conditions.":[11],"First,":[12],"we":[13,51,93],"show":[14,52],"that":[15,53,110],"subspace":[19],"can":[20,41,76],"be":[21,42,77],"constructed":[22],"based":[23],"on":[24],"three":[25],"or":[26],"more":[27],"training":[28],"images":[30,75],"illuminated":[31,89],"by":[32],"noncoplanar":[33],"lights.":[34],"The":[35],"of":[37,60,85,105,111],"any":[38],"image":[40,108],"represented":[43],"as":[44],"point":[46],"in":[47],"this":[48],"subspace.":[49],"Second,":[50],"the":[54,58,65,103],"extreme":[55],"rays,":[56],"i.e.":[57,101],"boundary":[59],"an":[61],"illumination":[62,99],"cone,":[63],"cover":[64],"entire":[66],"light":[67],"sphere.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"relatively":[71],"sparsely":[72],"sampled":[73],"used":[78],"to":[79,109],"build":[80],"model":[83],"instead":[84],"calculating":[86],"each":[87],"extremely":[88],"image.":[91,114],"Third,":[92],"normalization":[97],"algorithm,":[98],"alignment,":[100],"changing":[102],"one":[106],"another":[112],"Experiments":[115],"are":[116],"presented.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
