{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047651558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961","title":"Lower-Body Walking Motion Estimation Using Only Two Shank-Mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)","display_name":"Lower-Body Walking Motion Estimation Using Only Two Shank-Mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047651558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961","mag":"3047651558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359050","display_name":"Tong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-9055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435811","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-2042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611696","display_name":"Qingguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-6550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045324804","display_name":"Tao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100359050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66001245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1143","last_page":"1148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.8345921039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.7831697463989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6895063519477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.6394990682601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.6332313418388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6137369871139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.5044595003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.49791693687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4330015778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39171040058135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3852570056915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.3007556200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.12936365604400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07070660591125488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.8345921039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.7831697463989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6895063519477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.6394990682601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.6332313418388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6137369871139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.5044595003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49791693687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4330015778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39171040058135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3852570056915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3007556200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.12936365604400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07070660591125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1215311137","https://openalex.org/W1490661502","https://openalex.org/W1641944749","https://openalex.org/W1971556157","https://openalex.org/W1982096616","https://openalex.org/W2003080482","https://openalex.org/W2005641898","https://openalex.org/W2022119596","https://openalex.org/W2025383264","https://openalex.org/W2122365325","https://openalex.org/W2125691646","https://openalex.org/W2162229274","https://openalex.org/W2289521934","https://openalex.org/W2488071056","https://openalex.org/W2504320331","https://openalex.org/W2526466046","https://openalex.org/W2548954486","https://openalex.org/W2751874971","https://openalex.org/W2770843235","https://openalex.org/W2771516925","https://openalex.org/W2791289603","https://openalex.org/W2794237080","https://openalex.org/W2799512474","https://openalex.org/W2805924462","https://openalex.org/W2902795286","https://openalex.org/W2906439124","https://openalex.org/W2906750955","https://openalex.org/W2909513358","https://openalex.org/W2964508341","https://openalex.org/W2971407181","https://openalex.org/W2980394440","https://openalex.org/W3004252244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967422967","https://openalex.org/W2029881158","https://openalex.org/W3196140453","https://openalex.org/W3044242125","https://openalex.org/W4226182457","https://openalex.org/W2978426962","https://openalex.org/W2768468910","https://openalex.org/W2037990170","https://openalex.org/W2158764002","https://openalex.org/W2999148748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"gait":[1,21,84,139,188],"measurement":[2,36,63,85],"is":[3,101,123,144,176],"critical":[4],"for":[5,41,59],"disease":[6],"diagnosis":[7],"and":[8,28,64,69,90,113,131,167],"rehabilitation.":[9],"Dedicated":[10],"monitoring":[11,42],"systems":[12,18,179],"such":[13,33],"as":[14,34],"optical":[15],"motion":[16,62],"capture":[17,107],"provide":[19],"precise":[20],"measurements":[22],"but":[23],"are":[24,39,56],"constrained":[25],"to":[26,71,103,106,126,178,193],"labs":[27],"medical":[29],"facilities.":[30],"Wearable":[31],"sensors":[32],"inertial":[35],"units":[37,55],"(IMUs)":[38],"promising":[40],"gaits":[43],"in":[44,162,170],"personal":[45,72],"daily":[46,73],"life.":[47],"However,":[48],"a":[49,137],"large":[50],"number":[51,95],"of":[52,82,96,110,115,155],"wearable":[53,97,196],"sensor":[54],"usually":[57],"required":[58],"comprehensive":[60],"segment":[61],"this":[65,76],"would":[66],"introduce":[67],"disturbance":[68],"inconvenience":[70],"activities.":[74],"In":[75],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"explore":[79],"the":[80,94,108,111,116,128],"feasibility":[81],"lower-body":[83,132,163],"using":[86,180],"only":[87],"two":[88],"IMUs,":[89,184],"therefore":[91],"significantly":[92],"reducing":[93],"sensors.":[98],"One":[99],"IMU":[100],"attached":[102],"each":[104],"shank":[105,112],"angle":[109,165],"displacement":[114,130],"ankle":[117],"joint.":[118],"A":[119],"whole-step":[120],"optimization":[121],"approach":[122],"then":[124],"used":[125,192],"estimate":[127],"trunk":[129],"joint":[133,164],"angles":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"seven-segment":[138],"model.":[140],"The":[141],"proposed":[142],"method":[143],"validated":[145],"with":[146],"multi-subject":[147],"walking":[148],"data,":[149],"achieving":[150],"root":[151],"mean":[152],"square":[153],"errors":[154],"5.70":[156],"<sub":[157],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[158],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">~</sub>":[159],"7.68":[160],"degrees":[161],"estimation":[166],"2.74":[168],"cm":[169],"step":[171],"length":[172],"estimation.":[173],"Estimation":[174],"accuracy":[175],"similar":[177],"four":[181],"or":[182],"more":[183],"demonstrating":[185],"that":[186],"inherent":[187],"characteristics":[189],"can":[190],"be":[191],"build":[194],"simple":[195],"systems.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}