{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292794197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics55649.2022.9859146","title":"Lake Urmia Water Salinity Mapping using Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imagery","display_name":"Lake Urmia Water Salinity Mapping using Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imagery","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292794197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics55649.2022.9859146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/agro-geoinformatics55649.2022.9859146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics55649.2022.9859146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 10th International Conference on Agro-geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026362395","display_name":"Sahand Lotfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-5658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sahand Lotfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027576352","display_name":"Sadegh Ranjbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-1552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadegh Ranjbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison,Biological Systems Engineering,Madison,WI,USA","Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison,Biological Systems Engineering,Madison,WI,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020765155","display_name":"Meisam Amani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-4010"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meisam Amani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada","Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080519280","display_name":"Arastou Zarei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-7440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arastou Zarei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026362395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54995096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9412000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.8066064119338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6989693641662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6506084203720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6009202003479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5440028309822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5217069983482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.48806869983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-level","display_name":"Water level","score":0.41033971309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30845218896865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2607744336128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21329349279403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15961524844169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.10505235195159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09706911444664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08672440052032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07946157455444336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.8066064119338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6989693641662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6506084203720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6009202003479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5440028309822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5217069983482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.48806869983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.41033971309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30845218896865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2607744336128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21329349279403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15961524844169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.10505235195159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09706911444664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08672440052032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07946157455444336}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/agro-geoinformatics55649.2022.9859146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics55649.2022.9859146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 10th International Conference on Agro-geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37897631","https://openalex.org/W1559923427","https://openalex.org/W1964357740","https://openalex.org/W1964909499","https://openalex.org/W2023018947","https://openalex.org/W2031142950","https://openalex.org/W2045505653","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2077735909","https://openalex.org/W2118286367","https://openalex.org/W2120641342","https://openalex.org/W2138270489","https://openalex.org/W2160434086","https://openalex.org/W2408628236","https://openalex.org/W2415207400","https://openalex.org/W2473917334","https://openalex.org/W2978905081","https://openalex.org/W2996656737","https://openalex.org/W3112206834","https://openalex.org/W3120695621","https://openalex.org/W3130252541","https://openalex.org/W3133793930","https://openalex.org/W3173881010","https://openalex.org/W3181484955","https://openalex.org/W3184689925","https://openalex.org/W4281638479","https://openalex.org/W4300763959","https://openalex.org/W6716170238","https://openalex.org/W6720798345","https://openalex.org/W7008150944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950005168","https://openalex.org/W3024768525","https://openalex.org/W2474967816","https://openalex.org/W4317624912","https://openalex.org/W2784398518","https://openalex.org/W2883275326","https://openalex.org/W4288710232","https://openalex.org/W2810564483","https://openalex.org/W2134361702","https://openalex.org/W4292794197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"salinity":[1,25,47,119,178],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,15,26,120,140,149,176],"the":[5,13,23,45,65,71,77,85,103,111,118,134,138,143,155],"most":[6],"critical":[7],"water":[8,24,46,177],"properties":[9],"which":[10],"considerably":[11],"affects":[12],"lives":[14],"marine":[16],"flora":[17],"and":[18,52,83,93,142],"fauna.":[19],"In":[20,68],"this":[21,163],"study,":[22],"Lake":[27,121,180],"Urmia":[28,122],"was":[29,41,73,123],"mapped":[30],"using":[31,48,130],"sentinel-2":[32,49],"Multispectral":[33],"Images":[34],"(MSI).":[35],"A":[36],"Support":[37],"Vector":[38],"Regression":[39],"(SVR)":[40],"developed":[42],"to":[43,101,107],"predict":[44],"spectral":[50],"bands":[51],"indices.":[53],"Three":[54],"main":[55],"scenarios":[56],"were":[57,62,99,152,157],"considered":[58],"when":[59,154],"input":[60,105],"features":[61,78,106],"used":[63,109],"in":[64,84,110],"SVR":[66,72,112,135],"model.":[67,113],"scenario":[69],"1,":[70],"fed":[74],"by":[75],"all":[76],"generated":[79],"from":[80],"Sentinel-2":[81,167],"data,":[82],"other":[86],"two":[87],"scenarios,":[88],"a":[89,94,126],"Genetic":[90],"Algorithm":[91],"(GA)":[92],"Sequential":[95],"Feature":[96],"Selection":[97],"(SFS)":[98],"applied":[100],"select":[102],"optimum":[104],"be":[108],"The":[114],"results":[115,156],"showed":[116,165],"that":[117,166],"estimated":[124],"with":[125,133,159],"relatively":[127],"reliable":[128],"accuracy":[129],"GA":[131],"along":[132],"model,":[136],"where":[137],"R2":[139],"65.7%":[141],"Root":[144],"Mean":[145],"Square":[146],"Error":[147],"(RMSE)":[148],"11.5":[150],"PSU":[151],"obtained":[153],"compared":[158],"in-situ":[160],"data.":[161],"Overall,":[162],"study":[164],"provides":[168],"valuable":[169],"high":[170],"spatial-temporal":[171],"datasets":[172],"for":[173],"continuous":[174],"monitoring":[175],"over":[179],"Urmia.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
