{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156750271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301611","title":"Real time hand tracking by combining particle filtering and mean shift","display_name":"Real time hand tracking by combining particle filtering and mean shift","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156750271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301611","mag":"2156750271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301611","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055478558","display_name":"Caifeng Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caifeng Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110725368","display_name":"Yucheng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-5398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074137007","display_name":"Tieniu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tieniu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035414554","display_name":"F. Ojardias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48430043","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/050jn9y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Ojardias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d'Automatique Industrielle (LAI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d'Automatique Industrielle (LAI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055478558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99555904,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"669","last_page":"674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.8597576022148132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.8147133588790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-shift","display_name":"Mean-shift","score":0.7781126499176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6234720349311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degeneracy","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","score":0.6128698587417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5518360137939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5076361894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-particle-filter","display_name":"Auxiliary particle filter","score":0.43533506989479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.42547422647476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.38492321968078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3724820017814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33260396122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.23301535844802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.07467195391654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.06810066103935242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.8597576022148132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.8147133588790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48548287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803557","display_name":"Mean-shift","level":3,"score":0.7781126499176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6234720349311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777727622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251772","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6128698587417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5518360137939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5076361894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52483021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4827310","display_name":"Auxiliary particle filter","level":5,"score":0.43533506989479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.42547422647476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.38492321968078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3724820017814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33260396122932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.23301535844802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.07467195391654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.06810066103935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301611","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.123.3867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.123.3867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nlpr.ia.ac.cn/english/irds/papers/sancf/fg2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502024436","https://openalex.org/W1513768190","https://openalex.org/W1595932190","https://openalex.org/W1639095821","https://openalex.org/W1910898529","https://openalex.org/W2125907508","https://openalex.org/W2126698653","https://openalex.org/W2138311529","https://openalex.org/W2150832435","https://openalex.org/W2159128898","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2167667885","https://openalex.org/W2537883847","https://openalex.org/W4255333169","https://openalex.org/W6630587866","https://openalex.org/W6636608667","https://openalex.org/W6682187105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368144031","https://openalex.org/W2169903804","https://openalex.org/W3144709167","https://openalex.org/W2019635774","https://openalex.org/W2353687059","https://openalex.org/W2015586681","https://openalex.org/W2366992274","https://openalex.org/W2535707089","https://openalex.org/W2358580902","https://openalex.org/W2009159491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particle":[0],"filter":[1,39],"and":[2,23,72,104,113],"mean":[3,35],"shift":[4,36],"are":[5],"two":[6,46],"successful":[7],"approaches":[8],"taken":[9],"in":[10,81,94],"the":[11,34,45,50,54,69,90,109],"pursuit":[12],"of":[13,17,44,116],"robust":[14,107],"tracking.":[15],"Both":[16],"them":[18],"have":[19],"their":[20,65],"respective":[21],"strengths":[22],"weaknesses.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"proposed":[29],"a":[30],"new":[31],"tracking":[32],"algorithm,":[33],"embedded":[37],"particle":[38,52],"(MSEPF),":[40],"to":[41,57,64,76,87,108],"integrate":[42],"advantages":[43],"methods.":[47],"Compared":[48],"with":[49],"conventional":[51],"filter,":[53],"MSEPF":[55,91],"leads":[56],"more":[58],"efficient":[59],"sampling":[60],"by":[61],"shifting":[62],"samples":[63],"neighboring":[66],"modes,":[67],"overcoming":[68],"degeneracy":[70],"problem,":[71],"requires":[73],"fewer":[74],"particles":[75],"maintain":[77],"multiple":[78],"hypotheses,":[79],"resulting":[80],"low":[82],"computational":[83],"cost.":[84],"When":[85],"applied":[86],"hand":[88,93],"tracking,":[89],"tracks":[92],"real":[95],"time,":[96],"saving":[97],"much":[98],"time":[99],"for":[100],"later":[101],"gesture":[102],"recognition,":[103],"it":[105],"is":[106],"hand's":[110],"rapid":[111],"movement":[112],"various":[114],"kinds":[115],"distractors.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}