{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103900566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301535","title":"Nearest manifold approach for face recognition","display_name":"Nearest manifold approach for face recognition","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103900566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301535","mag":"2103900566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604692","display_name":"Junping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-8430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Intelligent Inf. Process. Lab., Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Information Processing Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Inf. Process. Lab., Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070408849","display_name":"S.Z. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-6591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","Microsoft research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440592","display_name":"Jue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-4522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy and Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115604692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94047171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.7645035982131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.7282605171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold-alignment","display_name":"Manifold alignment","score":0.704307496547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5899260640144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.586668074131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5425624847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5368260741233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5123849511146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.50452721118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.4777076244354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4689944088459015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41597601771354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant-manifold","display_name":"Invariant manifold","score":0.41007229685783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.18187955021858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.162241131067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.13479670882225037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.7645035982131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.7282605171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153120616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17068315","display_name":"Manifold alignment","level":4,"score":0.704307496547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5899260640144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.586668074131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5425624847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5368260741233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5123849511146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.50452721118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4777076244354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4689944088459015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41597601771354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20483540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4200516","display_name":"Invariant manifold","level":2,"score":0.41007229685783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.18187955021858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.162241131067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13479670882225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1.9544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1.9544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/%7Eszli/papers/ZJP-FG2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480865305","https://openalex.org/W1510147702","https://openalex.org/W1578196132","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2107636931","https://openalex.org/W2112148214","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2124658759","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2157444450","https://openalex.org/W2159548580","https://openalex.org/W4243551668","https://openalex.org/W4251002338","https://openalex.org/W4252596007","https://openalex.org/W6676938131","https://openalex.org/W6683161245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109610583","https://openalex.org/W2375518579","https://openalex.org/W117517268","https://openalex.org/W2944373987","https://openalex.org/W65619410","https://openalex.org/W2103258858","https://openalex.org/W2112684860","https://openalex.org/W2391701611","https://openalex.org/W2387045723","https://openalex.org/W2138621090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Faces":[0],"under":[1],"varying":[2],"illumination,":[3],"pose":[4],"and":[5,34,81,120],"non-rigid":[6],"deformation":[7],"are":[8],"empirically":[9],"thought":[10],"of":[11,102,105,118,131],"as":[12,41],"a":[13,38,52,59],"highly":[14],"nonlinear":[15],"manifold":[16,26,53,63,75],"in":[17,100],"the":[18,65,73,79,87,90,96,116,129],"observation":[19],"space.":[20],"How":[21],"to":[22,29,92,95],"discover":[23],"intrinsic":[24,66],"low-dimensional":[25,67],"is":[27,113],"important":[28],"characterize":[30],"meaningful":[31],"face":[32,98,111,125],"distributions":[33],"classify":[35],"them":[36],"using":[37],"simpler,":[39],"such":[40],"linear":[42,68],"or":[43],"Gaussian":[44],"based,":[45],"classifier.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50],"present":[51,82],"learning":[54,58],"algorithm":[55,84],"(MLA)":[56],"for":[57,78,85],"mapping":[60],"from":[61,89],"highly-dimensional":[62],"into":[64],"manifold.":[69,106],"We":[70],"also":[71],"propose":[72],"nearest":[74,97],"(NM)":[76],"criterion":[77],"classification":[80],"an":[83],"computing":[86],"distance":[88],"sample":[91],"be":[93],"classified":[94],"manifolds":[99],"light":[101],"local":[103],"linearity":[104],"Based":[107],"on":[108,123],"these":[109],"works,":[110],"recognition":[112],"achieved":[114],"with":[115],"combination":[117],"MLA":[119],"NM.":[121],"Experiments":[122],"several":[124],"databases":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"advantages":[130],"our":[132],"proposed":[133],"combinational":[134],"approach.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}