{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128200964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301530","title":"Ethnicity estimation with facial images","display_name":"Ethnicity estimation with facial images","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128200964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301530","mag":"2128200964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301530","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017641921","display_name":"Satoshi Hosoi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146230289","display_name":"Omron (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q0w1h45","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Hosoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision Sensing Technologies, Sensing Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan","Sensing Technol. Laboratory, OMRON Corp., Kyoto, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision Sensing Technologies, Sensing Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensing Technol. Laboratory, OMRON Corp., Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014750569","display_name":"Erina Takikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146230289","display_name":"Omron (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q0w1h45","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Takikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision Sensing Technologies, Sensing Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan","Sensing Technol. Laboratory, OMRON Corp., Kyoto, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision Sensing Technologies, Sensing Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensing Technol. Laboratory, OMRON Corp., Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110342739","display_name":"M Kawade","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146230289","display_name":"Omron (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q0w1h45","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kawade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision Sensing Technologies, Sensing Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan","Sensing Technol. Laboratory, OMRON Corp., Kyoto, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision Sensing Technologies, Sensing Technology Laboratory, OMRON Corporation, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensing Technol. Laboratory, OMRON Corp., Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017641921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146230289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87352517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"195","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.7015611529350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6494203209877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.610967218875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5877078771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5753193497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-wavelet","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","score":0.5674638152122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5421595573425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5287047624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.48898327350616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.457869291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4517941474914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3267292380332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.3112275302410126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.23235726356506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.1040976345539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0932227373123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.0826704204082489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7015611529350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6494203209877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.610967218875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5877078771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5753193497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136902061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16981559","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","level":5,"score":0.5674638152122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5421595573425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5287047624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.48898327350616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.457869291305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4517941474914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3267292380332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.3112275302410126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.23235726356506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.1040976345539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0932227373123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0826704204082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/afgr.2004.1301530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.2004.1301530","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593008457","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2127530969","https://openalex.org/W2129556265","https://openalex.org/W2147507563","https://openalex.org/W2150853869","https://openalex.org/W4239510810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1710806717","https://openalex.org/W2394322125","https://openalex.org/W2355521768","https://openalex.org/W2055938957","https://openalex.org/W4210684035","https://openalex.org/W2902714807","https://openalex.org/W2803685646","https://openalex.org/W1643168517","https://openalex.org/W4250797302","https://openalex.org/W2137044549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"advanced":[2],"an":[3,28],"effort":[4],"to":[5,58],"develop":[6],"vision":[7],"based":[8,75],"human":[9],"understanding":[10],"technologies":[11],"for":[12,40,70,83],"realizing":[13],"human-friendly":[14],"machine":[15],"interfaces.":[16],"Visual":[17],"information,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"gender,":[21],"age":[22],"ethnicity,":[23],"and":[24,53,63],"facial":[25,44,61],"expression":[26],"play":[27],"important":[29],"role":[30],"in":[31],"face-to-face":[32],"communication.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"addresses":[36],"a":[37],"novel":[38],"approach":[39],"ethnicity":[41,71,84],"classification":[42],"with":[43],"images.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,77],"approach,":[48,78],"the":[49],"Gabor":[50],"wavelets":[51],"transformation":[52],"retina":[54],"sampling":[55],"are":[56,68],"combined":[57],"extract":[59],"key":[60],"features,":[62],"support":[64],"vector":[65],"machines":[66],"that":[67],"used":[69],"classification.":[72],"Our":[73],"system,":[74],"on":[76],"has":[79],"achieved":[80],"approximately":[81],"94%":[82],"estimation":[85],"under":[86],"various":[87],"lighting":[88],"conditions.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
