{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3119588047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit50332.2020.9300058","title":"Investigating the Lack of Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies in Saudi Schools","display_name":"Investigating the Lack of Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies in Saudi Schools","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3119588047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit50332.2020.9300058","mag":"3119588047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acit50332.2020.9300058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit50332.2020.9300058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087178513","display_name":"Nouf Aljuhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2716-4094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nouf Aljuhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003743151","display_name":"Elaaf Aljohani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaaf Aljohani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111124889","display_name":"Raghad Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1345-0725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghad Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015133261","display_name":"Rasha Al-Mutairi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Almutairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057473727","display_name":"Maram Meccawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-5075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maram Meccawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087178513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81560545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.946399986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.9282048940658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6859946250915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6541774868965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.5654096007347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5367853045463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.474408358335495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43899279832839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-property","display_name":"Qualitative property","score":0.41453635692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3789949417114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2911495566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17833223938941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08225083351135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08118557929992676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.9282048940658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6859946250915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6541774868965149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5654096007347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5367853045463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.474408358335495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43899279832839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.41453635692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3789949417114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2911495566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17833223938941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08225083351135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08118557929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acit50332.2020.9300058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit50332.2020.9300058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W752655650","https://openalex.org/W1492127447","https://openalex.org/W1543262600","https://openalex.org/W1558299208","https://openalex.org/W1963755388","https://openalex.org/W2015669899","https://openalex.org/W2107126923","https://openalex.org/W2128438914","https://openalex.org/W2297987302","https://openalex.org/W2319235657","https://openalex.org/W2328831975","https://openalex.org/W2516984774","https://openalex.org/W2555072695","https://openalex.org/W2757658218","https://openalex.org/W2780588074","https://openalex.org/W2971389771","https://openalex.org/W2996481948","https://openalex.org/W4251115425","https://openalex.org/W6622180617","https://openalex.org/W6629265512","https://openalex.org/W6633502909","https://openalex.org/W6676229213","https://openalex.org/W6679298412","https://openalex.org/W6744369393","https://openalex.org/W6767735542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2802927003","https://openalex.org/W4252638921","https://openalex.org/W2978435296","https://openalex.org/W4206134169","https://openalex.org/W3153356960","https://openalex.org/W4281736225","https://openalex.org/W1999291729","https://openalex.org/W4240869053","https://openalex.org/W4390065610","https://openalex.org/W4388835156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"and":[1,20,56,86,109,121,141,166,173,180,184,202],"Communication":[2],"Technologies":[3],"(ICT)":[4],"make":[5],"the":[6,13,24,31,34,47,51,59,68,72,81,87,97,103,156,204,210],"educational":[7,35,211],"process":[8],"more":[9],"efficient":[10],"by":[11,117,138],"facilitating":[12],"imparting":[14],"of":[15,26,33,74,83,100,106,158,164,170,176,188,207],"information.":[16],"Recently,":[17],"many":[18],"research":[19],"studies":[21],"asserted":[22],"that":[23,149,196],"use":[25],"ICT":[27,45,75,101,159,171,177,208],"will":[28,94],"significantly":[29],"improve":[30],"outcomes":[32],"process.":[36,212],"Therefore,":[37,62],"Saudi":[38,78,107],"Arabia's":[39],"government":[40],"invested":[41],"massively":[42],"to":[43,66,198],"integrate":[44],"in":[46,77,91,102,129,209],"education":[48,104],"sector,":[49],"but":[50],"implementation":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54,115,136],"disappointing":[55],"not":[57],"achieving":[58],"desired":[60],"goals.":[61],"this":[63,84,92],"study":[64,85,147],"aims":[65],"explore":[67],"main":[69,153],"factors":[70,154,201],"behind":[71,155],"lack":[73,157,163,169,175],"utilization":[76,99,187],"schools.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"results":[82],"recommendations":[88,195],"set":[89],"forth":[90],"paper":[93],"contribute":[95,197],"towards":[96,186],"successful":[98],"sector":[105],"Arabia":[108],"other":[110],"Arab":[111],"countries.":[112],"Data":[113],"have":[114,135],"collected":[116],"conducting":[118],"semistructured":[119],"questionnaires":[120],"interviews":[122],"with":[123],"teachers":[124],"working":[125],"at":[126],"secondary":[127],"schools":[128],"Madinah":[130],"city.":[131],"Then,":[132],"these":[133,200],"data":[134,143],"analyzed":[137],"using":[139],"qualitative":[140],"quantitative":[142],"analysis":[144],"methods.":[145],"The":[146],"reveals":[148],"there":[150],"are":[151],"four":[152],"utilization,":[160],"which":[161],"are:":[162],"infrastructure":[165],"technical":[167],"support,":[168],"management":[172],"strategies,":[174],"training":[178],"courses,":[179],"negative":[181],"teachers'":[182],"attitudes":[183],"beliefs":[185],"ICT.":[189],"In":[190],"conclusion,":[191],"we":[192],"provide":[193],"some":[194],"overcoming":[199],"promoting":[203],"full":[205],"usage":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
