{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123639728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653864","title":"Implementation and Evaluation of Multi-Hop Parallel Split Learning","display_name":"Implementation and Evaluation of Multi-Hop Parallel Split Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123639728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653864"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3653864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653864","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016435657","display_name":"Joana Tirana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2648-6735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joana Tirana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2648-6735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034624141","display_name":"Spyros Lalis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-3559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyros Lalis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-3559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122937495","display_name":"Dimitris Chatzopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Chatzopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-5085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0561755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"9419","last_page":"9434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.35499998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.35499998927116394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.23810000717639923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.807200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.714900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-processing","display_name":"Parallel processing","score":0.4043000042438507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8881000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.807200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.714900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106515295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26806595","display_name":"Parallel processing","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61483411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3124522","display_name":"Data parallelism","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3653864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3653864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3653864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3689531774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101092912","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2339765813","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2885283696","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W3018102029","https://openalex.org/W3102626224","https://openalex.org/W3172018708","https://openalex.org/W3182828306","https://openalex.org/W4220914596","https://openalex.org/W4235435541","https://openalex.org/W4282960063","https://openalex.org/W4283024848","https://openalex.org/W4283204791","https://openalex.org/W4296982580","https://openalex.org/W4310077675","https://openalex.org/W4312376306","https://openalex.org/W4319778953","https://openalex.org/W4323060992","https://openalex.org/W4386245173","https://openalex.org/W4386280917","https://openalex.org/W4387448210","https://openalex.org/W4390771634","https://openalex.org/W4392903111","https://openalex.org/W4400233161","https://openalex.org/W4401508495","https://openalex.org/W4403161272","https://openalex.org/W4403937333","https://openalex.org/W4406457499","https://openalex.org/W4406753935","https://openalex.org/W4406856790","https://openalex.org/W4409001573","https://openalex.org/W4409796734","https://openalex.org/W4409917263","https://openalex.org/W4411143142"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offloading":[0],"techniques":[1],"like":[2],"Split":[3,9],"Federated":[4],"Learning":[5,10],"(SplitFed)":[6],"or":[7],"Parallel":[8,74,164],"(Parallel":[11],"SL)":[12],"enable":[13],"multiple":[14],"resource-constraineddata":[15],"ownerdevices":[16],"to":[17],"participate":[18],"in":[19,57,81,97],"collaborative":[20],"training":[21,42,68],"processes":[22],"with":[23],"the":[24,33,41,46,67,83,111,121,126,132,147,150],"help":[25],"of":[26,35,49,70,86,128,149,160],"resourcefulcompute":[27],"nodes.":[28],"Recent":[29],"findings":[30],"indicate":[31],"that":[32,65,108],"number":[34,48,85],"compute":[36],"nodes":[37],"(hops)":[38],"significantly":[39],"impacts":[40],"delay.":[43],"Yet,":[44],"determining":[45,82],"ideal":[47],"hops":[50,87],"is":[51],"not":[52,78],"an":[53,94],"easy":[54],"task.":[55],"Therefore,":[56],"this":[58],"work,":[59],"we":[60,102,119,138],"propose":[61],"a":[62,104,115,140,157],"mathematical":[63],"model":[64,153],"estimates":[66],"delay":[69],"single-":[71],"and":[72,154,162],"multi-hop":[73],"SL.":[75,165],"This":[76],"tool":[77,96],"only":[79],"helps":[80],"optimal":[84],"before":[88],"deployment,":[89],"but":[90],"also":[91],"serves":[92],"as":[93,135],"evaluation":[95],"future":[98],"research":[99],"works.":[100],"Further,":[101],"construct":[103],"lightweight":[105],"optimization":[106],"problem":[107],"targets":[109],"maximizing":[110],"pipeline":[112,129],"parallelism":[113,130],"at":[114,131],"theoretical":[116],"level.":[117],"Also,":[118],"present":[120],"SplitPipe":[122],"framework,":[123],"which":[124,144],"allows":[125],"support":[127],"system":[133],"level":[134],"well.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"conduct":[139],"thorough":[141],"numerical":[142],"evaluation,":[143],"first":[145],"validates":[146],"accuracy":[148],"proposed":[151],"estimation":[152],"then":[155],"presents":[156],"detailed":[158],"analysis":[159],"multi-":[161],"single-hop":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}